“说不上X”格式的句法语义研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 13:19

本文关键词： 构式 “说不上X” 句法语义反预期　出处：《湘潭大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“说不上X”格式在文学作品中是一种十分常见的句式,在日常交际中也频繁使用。目前学界关于动补宾结构的研究成果十分丰富,但是专门针对“说不上X”格式的研究还较少,尤其是关于“说不上X”格式的语义类型还存有争议。本文基于真实语料,以构式理论为指导思想,采取描述与解释相结合、定量与定性相结合的方法,对“说不上X”格式的句法和语义两个方面进行了较为全面的研究,旨在探讨“说不上X”格式及其构成成分的句法特点和语义特征,加强对“说不上X”格式的认识,帮助汉语学习者更好地掌握“说不上X”格式。全文主要包括以下两个方面的内容:第一部分考察“说不上X”格式的句法特点。首先分析“说不上X”格式中变量“X”的句法特点,从语法单位的角度来看,“X”可以是语素、词或短语,还可以前置或省略,“X”是词时多数为形容词,并存在兼类词的情况,“X”为短语时以动宾短语居多;从语法性质的角度分析,“X”既可以是名词性成分,也可以是谓词性成分。其次是分析“说不上X”的句法结构,通过采取语法意义和语法形式相结合的标准,“说不上X”格式的句法结构可以分为三种情况:一是述补宾结构,二是状中结构,三是两者皆可的中间状态,其中以状中结构居多,说明结构固化完成;最后是考察“说不上X”格式的句法功能,“说不上X”格式可以充当句子的成分,也可以充当复句的分句,还能充当语境句,“说不上X”充分句时具有非自足性,最为常见的是与先行后续句构成转折关系,充当语境句时一般出现在对话语体中。第二部分全面分析该格式的语义特点。首先分析格式成分“说不上”的语义特征,具体表现为三种情况:一是具有[+表述]、[±客观]的语义特征,二是具有[±表述]、[+主观]的语义特征,三是具有[+程度]、[+主观]的语义特征,随着凝固性越强,其语义虚化程度越高。其次考察“X”的语义类型,可以归为表示话语内容、表示常规可知性内容和表属性程度三类;“X”表属性程度义时,根据其属性程度义的来源可细分为核心词可量化、修饰语可量化、隐藏量化和语境赋予四类,其中以核心词可量化类居多。接着,分析了“说不上X”格式的语义类型,主要分为表结果未达义和表程度未达义两类,结果未达义再分为行为结果未达义和认识结果未达义,程度未达义的语义特征具体表现为[+评价]、[+主观小量]和[模糊性]。最后,考察“说不上X”在语境中的反预期表达功能,根据预期信息的来源可分为反个人预期和反公众预期两类,其中以反个人预期最为常见。
[Abstract]:The "X" format is a very common sentence pattern in literary works, and is frequently used in daily communication. At present, there are a lot of research results on the structure of verb-complement object in academic circles, but there are few researches on "can't say X" format. In particular, there is still controversy about the semantic types of "X" format. Based on the real corpus, this paper takes the construction theory as the guiding ideology, and adopts the method of combining description and interpretation, quantitative and qualitative. This paper makes a comprehensive study on the syntactic and semantic aspects of "can't say X" format in order to probe into the syntactic and semantic characteristics of the "unspeakable X" format and its constituent components, and to strengthen the understanding of the "unable to say X" format. This paper mainly includes the following two aspects: the first part is to investigate the syntactic characteristics of the "no say X" format. First, it analyzes the syntactic characteristics of the variable "X" in the "can't say X" format. From the perspective of grammatical unit, "X" can be a morpheme, word or phrase, and can be prefixed or omitted. "X" is a majority of adjectives when a word is used, and there is a case of a combination of words. When "X" is a phrase, the verb-object phrase is the majority. From the perspective of grammatical nature, "X" can be either a nominal component or a predicate part of speech, followed by an analysis of the syntactic structure of "X". By adopting the standard of combining grammatical meaning with grammatical form, the syntactic structure of "can't say X" can be divided into three situations: one is the structure of complement and object, the other is the middle structure of the state, and the third is the intermediate state, in which the structure in the form is the most. Finally, it examines the syntactic function of the "no say X" format, which can be used as a component of a sentence, as a clause of a complex sentence, as a contextual sentence, and as a non-self-sufficient sentence when an adequate sentence cannot be described as X. The most common is to form a turning point relationship with the antecedent sentence, which usually appears in the discourse body when it acts as the contextual sentence. The second part comprehensively analyzes the semantic characteristics of the format. There are three kinds of cases: one is the semantic characteristic of [expression], [卤objective], the other is the semantic feature of [卤expression], [subjective], and the third is the semantic characteristic of [degree], [subjective], with the solidification of the character, Secondly, the semantic types of "X" can be classified into three categories: the representation of discourse content, the representation of conventional knowability content and the degree of tabular attribute; when the semantic type of "X" is investigated, the semantic type of "X" can be classified into three categories:. According to the source of its attribute degree meaning, it can be divided into four categories: core words quantifiable, modifiers quantifiable, hidden quantization and context endows, in which the core words are mostly quantifiable. Then, the semantic types of "can't say X" format are analyzed. It can be divided into two categories: the result is unreached and the result is not reached. The result is divided into behavioral result and cognitive result. The semantic characteristics of degree unreached are as follows: [evaluation], [subjective small quantity] and [fuzziness]. Finally, there are two categories: "evaluation", "subjective small quantity" and "fuzziness". According to the sources of expected information, there are two types of anti-personal expectation and anti-public expectation, among which anti-personal expectation is the most common.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H146.3

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