绍兴方言陈述句与疑问句的语调实验研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 22:00

本文关键词： 绍兴方言语调音高起伏度　出处：《绍兴文理学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文从语调最基本的声学参数——音高入手,运用语调格局理论,通过起伏度分析,对绍兴方言四位发音人的陈述句与疑问句(其中疑问句细分为正反问句、特指问句与选择问句),共384个样品句,采取实验语音学的方法进行深入地研究,探讨这几种句类语调格局的共性、个性与规律。综合各项数据对比分析后,得出如下结论:绍兴方言陈述句与疑问句语调在本次研究中有很多相同点。(1)四种句类整体呈音高下倾趋势。一般来说,人们容易把疑问句与升调联系在一起,但是由于绍兴方言疑问句中有疑问词分担了疑问语气,使得三种类型的疑问句呈现了和陈述句一样的下倾趋势。(2)音高的最低点是句末的下线,句末调域最大化扩展,陈述句与疑问句都呈现出边界调的特点。(3)从百分比值看,四种句类都没有在调域最高处达到最大值100%。(4)四种句类的起伏度数据中均有负值出现。纵观各家文章,陈述句Q值均为正值,明显与疑问句有所区别,但绍兴方言陈述句中有负值出现,只是相较其他三种类型疑问句,数量要少很多。陈述句与疑问句在声学表现上也有很多不同点。(1)三种疑问句的句调域均大于陈述句。其中,从整体上看,选择问句为最大,其次是正反问句,最小为特指问句。(2)在每种疑问句的调群调域中,各自表现突出的“焦点”的百分比值按照从大到小的顺序排列为:正反问句选择问句特指问句。也就是说,在疑问语气的表达手段中,表达疑问语义强度的排列顺序是:“V不V”结构选择结构特指疑问词。(3)从百分比值看,陈述句没有在调域最低处达到最小值0%,而疑问句均达到了。(4)从句首调群起点Q0看,从大到小顺序为:特指问句正反问句选择问句陈述句。陈述句的Q0上线、中线、下线均为最小。(5)从全句起伏度Q值来看,陈述句上线、中线、下线下降幅度在20.5%—27%之间,降幅相差不大。正反问句在14%-38%之间,为最大;选择问句在19%-42%之间,为第二;特指问句在21%-39%之间,为第三。
[Abstract]:This paper starts with the most basic acoustic parameter of intonation-pitch, applies the theory of intonation pattern, through the analysis of fluctuation, to the declarative sentences and interrogative sentences of the four speakers in Shaoxing dialect, in which the interrogative sentences are subdivided into positive and rhetorical sentences. A total of 384 sample sentences, especially questions and selected questions, were studied in depth by means of experimental phonetics to explore the commonness, individuality and regularity of the intonation patterns of these sentence types. The conclusion is as follows: there are many similarities between the declarative sentence and the interrogative sentence intonation of Shaoxing dialect in this study. However, because the interrogative words in the interrogative sentences in Shaoxing dialect share the interrogative mood, the three types of interrogative sentences show the same downward trend as the declarative sentences.) the lowest pitch is the bottom line of the sentence end, and the maximum expansion of the final tone field. Both declarative and interrogative sentences show the characteristics of boundary tone. (3) from the percentage value, none of the four sentence classes has negative values in the fluctuation data of the four sentence categories, which have not reached the maximum at the highest point in the tone domain. The Q value of declarative sentences is positive, which is obviously different from that of interrogative sentences, but there are negative values in declarative sentences in Shaoxing dialect, only compared with the other three types of interrogative sentences. The number is much smaller. There are also many differences in acoustical performance between declarative and interrogative sentences.) the three kinds of interrogative sentences all have larger tonality fields than declarative sentences. In general, the choice of question is the largest, followed by positive and negative questions. The minimum is a special question. 2) the percentage values of the outstanding "focus" of each question are arranged in the order from large to small: positive and negative questions select specific questions. That is to say, In the means of expressing interrogative mood, the order of semantic intensity of expressing interrogative is: "V BV" structure selection structure refers to interrogative word. The statement sentence does not reach the minimum value of 0 at the lowest point in the tone field, but the interrogative sentence has reached the starting point of Q0. The order from large to small is as follows: the special question sentence is positive and negative question sentence choice question statement sentence, the statement sentence Q0 line, the middle line, From the point of view of Q value of the fluctuation degree of the whole sentence, the descending range of the upper line, the middle line and the lower line of the statement sentence is between 20.5- 27%, the difference is not significant, the positive and negative questions are between 14% and 38%, the choice questions are between 19% and 42%, the second is the second. The specific question is between 21% and 39%, the third.
【学位授予单位】：绍兴文理学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H173

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