《元刊全相平话五种》兼语句研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 06:21

本文选题：《元刊全相平话五种》　切入点：兼语句　出处：《温州大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文所选取的《元刊全相平话五种》(以下简称《平话五种》)是元朝至治年间建安虞氏所刊印的讲史话本集,包括《全相平话武王伐纣书》等五种。这五种是现存最早的讲史话本。《平话五种》的语言呈现出明显的文白夹杂的特点,是研究口语白话的重要资料。所以,我们选取《平话五种》作为研究对象,以兼语句这一常用句式为切入点,一方面全面描写《平话五种》兼语句的特点,构建其系统,一方面借以窥探元代早期兼语句的情况及口语白话的情况。根据目前学界通行的标准,结合文本实际,我们对兼语句进行如下界定:抽象格式为“S+VP_1+N+VP_2”,N既充当VP_1的受事又充当VP_2的施事,即N为身兼二职的兼语,VP_1、VP_2有一定语义联系的句子。以此为标准,对《平话五种》中的兼语句进行系统的研究。我们根据“S+VP_1+N+VP_2”中VP_1的特点,结合文本的实际情况,把《平话五种》中的兼语句分为七大类:(1)致使类兼语句,共计24种;(2)请求命令类兼语句,共计请求类9种,命令类32种;(3)选择任用类兼语句,共计21种;(4)感知心理类兼语句,共计感知类10种,心理类5种;(5)存现类兼语句,主要指动词“有”引导的兼语句;(6)行为动作类兼语句,共计30种;(7)其他类兼语句,共计20种。《平话五种》兼语句的句法结构特点主要是:主语S与兼语N主要由名词或名词性短语充当,VP_1主要由动词充当,VP_2的种类较多,可以是动词、动宾短语、连谓短语等,甚至还是可以复句。从四者的组合来看,主语S经常省略,此外省略兼语N的情况也时有发生。《平话五种》兼语句的语义特点主要是:VP_1是双向的,即对于主语S来说,它是主语发出的动作,对于兼语N来说,它又起支配涉及作用。VP_2则主要是单向的,即主要表示兼语N的动作或性状,但在表示主语S与兼语N共同的行为动作,如行为动作类兼语句的某些类别时,则是双向的。此外,主语S主要为施事,兼语N由于同时承担宾语和主语两个角色,因此既可以是施事又可以是受事。《平话五种》兼语句的语用特点主要是:《平话五种》中的兼语句主要用于平铺直叙,很少用于强调和疑问。焦点主要是VP_2。
[Abstract]:The "five kinds of Quan Xiang Ping dialect" selected in this paper (hereinafter referred to as "Ping dialect five") is a collection of historical stories published by Jian'an Yu during the Yuan Dynasty and the reign of the Yuan Dynasty. There are five kinds, including the Book of Zhou, the King of Wu Xiangping dialect. These five kinds are the earliest extant historical narratives. The five kinds of languages have obvious features of language and white inclusion, and they are important materials for the study of colloquial vernacular. In this paper, we choose five kinds of Pingyu as the research object, take the common sentence pattern of concurrent sentence as the starting point, on the one hand, comprehensively describe the characteristics of the five kinds of concurrent sentences, and construct its system. On the one hand, it is used to probe into the situation of concurrent sentences in the early Yuan Dynasty and the situation of colloquial colloquial language. According to the standards commonly used in academic circles at present, combined with the reality of the text, We define the concurrent sentence as follows: the abstract format "S VP_1 N VP_2" N serves as both the agent of VP_1 and the agent of VP_2. According to the characteristics of VP_1 in "S VP_1 N VP_2" and the actual situation of the text, we divide the concurrent statements in "five kinds of plain dialect" into seven categories: 1). A total of 24 kinds of commands and statements, 9 types of requests, 32 kinds of commands, 21 kinds of psychological statements, 10 kinds of perceptual types, 5 kinds of psychological types and 5 kinds of existing statements. It mainly refers to the verb "you" -led concurrent statement (6) behavioral action class and sentence, a total of 30 kinds and 7) other kinds of concurrent statements, In total, there are 20 kinds of sentences. The syntactic structure characteristics of the five kinds of sentences are as follows: the subject S and the concurrent language N are mainly served by nouns or noun phrases as VPPS1. There are many kinds of verbs, verb-object phrases, even predicate phrases, and so on, which are mainly served by the verb as the VPPP2, the verb as the VPP2, and the verb as the VPP2. From the combination of the four, the subject S is often omitted, and the omission of the concurrent language N also occurs from time to time. The semantic characteristics of the < plain language five > > concurrent statements are mainly that: VPSP 1 is bidirectional, that is to say, for the subject S, It is the action issued by the subject, and for the concurrent language N, it plays a dominant role. VPSP _ 2 is mainly one-way, that is, it mainly represents the action or character of the concurrent language N, but it indicates the common behavior of the subject S and the concurrent language N. In addition, the subject S is mainly the agent, and the concurrent language N plays both the roles of object and subject. Therefore, they can be both agents and receptions.The pragmatic characteristics of the five kinds of concurrent sentences are mainly as follows: they are mainly used for plain narration, rarely for emphasis and doubt, and the focus is mainly on VP2.
【学位授予单位】：温州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H146.3

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