对外汉语教学视角下的中韩敬语对比研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 21:11

本文选题：敬语　切入点：汉韩对比　出处：《扬州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：礼貌是人际间交往最重要的准则之一,与我们的生活息息相关。随着世界各国间的交流不断增多,礼貌用语越来越得到频繁的使用,并在中外文化交流中发挥着越来越重要的作用。在对外汉语教学中,必须关注礼貌用语的教学,教师应当有针对性地结合各民族的文化背景与风俗习惯,制定相应的礼貌用语教学策略,以提高汉语教学的效果,使学生能够根据不同的场合选择正确的礼貌用语。同时,礼貌用语的教学还能让世界各国的汉语学习者更好地了解中国以及中国的礼文化。汉语和韩语属于两种不同类型的语言,汉韩用语并不一致。因此,第一章分别论述汉语和韩语对敬语的概念以及分类情况,整理归纳前人对汉韩礼貌表达的观点,通过对比分析,总结汉韩敬语在定义及分类上的异同。为避免在语言使用上出现混乱,本文统一使用“敬语”这一术语。虽然中韩两国皆为“礼仪之邦”,深受儒家思想影响,但由于两国历史背景、风俗习惯、社会制度等种种差异,两国的礼貌文化不尽相同,在此基础上形成的汉韩礼貌用语的表达方式也不完全相同,从而导致韩国汉语学习者在使用汉语敬语进行交际时出现误用现象。因此,出于对韩汉语敬语教学需要,第二章分别从词汇和语法方面介绍汉韩敬语的特点,并通过详细的对比分析,探讨两种语言在礼貌表达上的异同,为之后的韩国人误用汉语敬语成因提供理论依据。通过发放问卷并结合日常汉语教学时注意到的问题,在第三章中对在南京工作生活的韩国人汉语敬语使用情况进行了深入分析,发现在韩语敬语负干扰、已学汉语敬语知识的负迁移影响、自身的学习策略和交际策略以及外部因素的制约下,韩国汉语学习者在使用汉语敬语时主要会出现词义判断不准确、过度使用礼貌用语、回避使用人称代词等三类偏误。在第四章中,针对上述问题,从汉语敬语教学策略、教材、教师三个方面,思考如何对韩国学生进行汉语敬语教学。对外汉语教学应当加强对礼貌用语教学的重视,培养学生中国人交际时的礼貌思维和礼貌表达,让学习者能够根据具体交际情景选择准确得体的礼貌用语,了解汉语礼貌用语所包含的礼貌文化内涵,减少交际活动中矛盾的产生。同时,从韩国汉语学习者自身角度出发,提出如何正确掌握汉语敬语的几点建议。总的来说,学习者要想熟练、灵活地运用汉语礼貌用语,就必须从根本上掌握中韩两国礼貌文化的异同,接受中国人的礼貌表达习惯和价值观,培养中国人待人接物的思维方式。
[Abstract]:Politeness is one of the most important criteria for interpersonal communication, is closely related to our life. With the increasing exchanges between the countries in the world, politeness is getting more and more frequently used in the Sino foreign cultural exchanges play an increasingly important role. In foreign language teaching, must pay attention to politeness language teaching, teachers should targeted combination of cultural background and customs of various ethnic groups, making polite teaching strategies accordingly, in order to improve the effectiveness of Chinese language teaching, so that students can choose politeness right according to different occasions. At the same time, politeness teaching can let the world Chinese learners have a better understanding of the ritual culture Chinese and Chinese the Chinese and Korean belong to two different types of languages, Chinese and Korean language is not consistent. Therefore, the first chapter discusses the concept of Chinese and Korean honorifics and The classification, summarizes the predecessors of the Han Chinese Polite expression point of view, through the comparative analysis, summarizes the similarities and differences between Chinese and Korean honorific in definition and classification on. To avoid confusion in the use of language, the unified use of the term "honorific". Although China and South Korea are "etiquette state", by the influence of Confucianism but, because of the historical background, customs, social system differences, both polite culture is not the same, expression of Chinese and Korean politeness based on which is not exactly the same, leading South Korean Chinese learners misuse of a phenomenon in the use of honorifics in communication. Therefore, the need for the Korean honorific in Chinese teaching, the second chapter introduced the characteristics of Chinese and Korean language from the aspects of vocabulary and grammar, and through detailed comparison and analysis, explore the similarities and differences between the two languages in Politeness Expressions, for the following Korean honorifics provide a theoretical basis for the causes of misuse. Combined with the daily Chinese teaching notes through questionnaires in the problem, in the third chapter of the work and life in Nanjing, the Korean honorifics use in-depth analysis, found in the Korean honorific negative interference negative transfer has been learning Chinese honorific knowledge, restricting their own learning strategies and communicative strategies and the external factors, the South Korean Chinese learners in the use of honorifics mainly occur the meaning of judgment is not accurate, the excessive use of politeness, avoid the use of personal pronouns and other three categories of errors. In the fourth chapter, aiming at the above problems, teaching materials from Chinese honorific teaching strategies, three aspects of teachers. Think about how Chinese honorific teaching for Korean students. Foreign language teaching should strengthen the polite language teaching value, cultivate students' Chinese communication politeness thinking And let the learners can express politeness, according to the specific communicative situation choice of politeness is accurate, understand Chinese politeness politeness contains cultural connotation, reduce the contradiction in communicative activities. At the same time, from the South Korean Chinese learners' point of view, put forward some suggestions of how to correctly grasp the Chinese honorific. In general, learning to skilled, flexible use of politeness in Chinese, we must grasp the similarities and differences between China and South Korea politeness fundamentally accept Chinese polite expression habits and values, cultivate Chinese act toward others in the way of thinking.

【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H195.3

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