湖南凤凰山江苗语借词研究
本文选题：山江苗语 切入点：借词 出处：《吉首大学》2017年硕士论文 论文类型：学位论文
【摘要】：笔者在先后四次实地调查的基础上,收集凤凰山江苗语对汉语的借词,分析山江苗语对汉语的借词关系,介绍借词借入的主要方式为全译音方式、半译音方式和译音加注方式等,并从社会语言学的角度探讨苗语借词的使用情况,分析借词借入的主要原因为苗语自身的需要和社会发展的需求。由于苗语借词有历史层次,故本文重点研究借词借入的历史层次,从语言接触的角度分析苗语对汉语借词不同时期借用的读音情况。本文共考察借词3000余例,举例分析借词206例,大致分为现代,近代,中古和上古四个层次。现代层共分析借词60例。借词通过与普通话和当地方言对比来判定其借入的层次,判定方法主要从声调、声母和韵母对应的角度分析借词。此借词层的主要特征为声调、声母和韵母对应方面,与普通话和山江汉话形成严整的对应。近代层共分析借词63例。此借词层次的主要特征为声调、声母和韵母基本与普通话、山江汉话形成局部对应,但不完全,保留了一些中古汉语读音,又有普通话和山江汉语读音的痕迹。上古、中古层共分析借词83例。上古、中古借词因无法探索当地方言的古代读音,故本文以郭锡良《汉字古音手册》所收的字的拟音为参照,分析苗语借词借入的音变规律,利用苗汉音近原则判定借词借入的层次,借词读音接近上古为上古层,读音接近中古为中古层。部分苗语词汇,由于汉语上古音与苗语读音相近意义相同,很难区分到底是同源词还是借词,故本文统称为关系词,并分析10例关系词。
[Abstract]:On the basis of four field investigations, the author collected loan words from Miao language in Fenghuang Mountain to Chinese, analyzed the relationship between loan words and Chinese in Shanjiang Miao language, and introduced that the main way to borrow words is complete translation. This paper discusses the use of loan words in Miao language from the perspective of sociolinguistics, and analyzes the main reasons for borrowing words in Miao language, such as the needs of Miao language itself and the needs of social development, because of the historical level of loan words in Miao dialect. Therefore, this paper focuses on the historical level of loanwords borrowing, and analyzes the pronunciation of Chinese loanwords borrowed from Miao dialect in different periods from the perspective of language contact. This paper investigates more than 3000 loanwords, and analyzes 206 loanwords with examples, which are roughly divided into modern and modern times. There are 60 cases of loanwords analyzed in the modern layer. The borrowing level is judged by comparison with Putonghua and local dialects. The method of judging loan words is mainly from tone of voice. The main features of the loan layer are tone, consonant and vowel correspondence. 63 cases of loanwords are analyzed in modern times. The main features of this loanword level are tone, consonant and vowel are basically corresponding to Putonghua, and Shanjianghan dialect has formed partial correspondence, but not completely. Some middle ancient Chinese pronunciation has been preserved, and there are traces of Putonghua and Shanjiang Chinese pronunciation. In ancient times, 83 cases of loan words were analyzed in the ancient and middle layers. In ancient times, the ancient and middle ancient loanwords were unable to explore the ancient pronunciation of local dialects. In this paper, the phonetic variation of borrowed words in Miao language is analyzed, and the level of loan loan is determined by using the near principle of Miao Han sound, and the loanword pronunciation is close to the ancient times as the upper layer, according to Guo Xiliang's "Ancient Chinese phonetic Manual". The pronunciation is close to the middle ancient times for the middle ancient layer. Some Miao words have the same meaning as the ancient Chinese pronunciation, so it is difficult to distinguish between the homologous words and the loanwords, so this article is called the relational words, and analyzes 10 related words.
【学位授予单位】：吉首大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H216
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