母语者和留学生汉字变形部件的认同对比研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 10:25

本文选题：原形部件　切入点：变体部件　出处：《北京语言大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：部件是汉字的构字单位,主要承担着表义、表音和记号等各种功能。部件教学法为对外汉语教学界所采纳的汉字教学法,很多学者已在声旁表音度、正字法意识和形似部件的辨别等方面做了充分的研究,而对表义部件的系统研究则相对较少。表义部件很宽泛地划分了汉字意义的归属,其多数部件又存在着构字变形的情况,这给学习者在对生字进行“依形判义”时带来了障碍。本研究首先通过对原形部件和变形部件关系的整理和分类,发现部件的变形存在着一定的规律。当部件构字并承担表义功能时,往往会发生笔形上的变化,部件变形程度的大小主要取决于它单字时的笔形和整字的结构。总体上,表义部件在进入左右结构时变形程度大,进入上下结构时变形程度一般较小。笔者又从部件的变体与构字的位置呈对应关系这个特点,发现汉字在构字时体现着语言的组合关系。本文根据变形程度的大小,将部件之间的关系划分为五种类型,并使用由正误判断题构成的问卷对每种类型进行测量,以考察学习者对变形部件的认同。对回收的试卷进行了统计分析,证实了变形程度是影响表义部件类属认同的主要因素。母语者在对变形部件的认同度上明显高于留学生,而母语者的主要差异来自于他们所学的专业,留学生对变形部件认同的差异则取决于他们的汉语水平。在对教学、教材和科研方面的设想,笔者建议按照形声字“保全表音部件,减省义符笔形”等特点,运用动态的部件变形构字理念来引导学生掌握汉字。
[Abstract]:Components are the units of Chinese characters, which are mainly responsible for the functions of meaning, pronunciation and marking. The component teaching method is adopted in the field of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, and many scholars have expressed the degree of sound beside the sound. The orthographic consciousness and the discrimination of similar parts have been fully studied, but the systematic research on the semantic components is relatively few. The semantic parts of the orthographic characters are broadly divided into the meaning of Chinese characters, and most of the components have deformation of construction characters. This has brought obstacles to the learners in "judging the meaning according to the form" of new characters. The first step of this study is to sort out and classify the relationship between prototypes and deformed parts. It is found that there is a certain rule in the deformation of the part. When the part is constructed and assumed the function of expressing meaning, it will often change in the shape of the pen, and the degree of deformation of the part mainly depends on the shape of the pen and the structure of the whole word. Generally speaking, the degree of deformation of the component depends on the shape of the pen and the structure of the whole word. The deformation degree of the semantic parts is large when entering the left and right structures, and the degree of deformation is generally smaller when entering the upper and lower structures. It is found that the combination of language is embodied in the construction of Chinese characters. According to the degree of deformation, the relationship between components is divided into five types, and each type is measured by a questionnaire composed of correct and wrong judgment questions. In order to investigate learners' identification with deformed parts, statistical analysis was made on the papers collected, and it was proved that the degree of deformation was the main factor affecting the identification of semantic components. The degree of recognition of deformed parts by native speakers was obviously higher than that of foreign students. The major differences among native speakers are the majors they study, and the differences in how students identify with metamorphosed parts depend on their level of Chinese. In terms of teaching, teaching materials, and scientific research, The author suggests that according to the characteristics of phonetic characters, such as "preserving the phonetic parts and reducing the shape of the characters", the students should be guided to master Chinese characters by using the idea of dynamic component deformation construction.
【学位授予单位】：北京语言大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H195

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