塔吉克斯坦学生汉语否定词习得研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 17:02

  本文选题：“不”与“没(有)”　切入点：语义偏误　出处：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：现代汉语的学习,离不开否定词的使用,但是否定词的学习却是教学中的一个重难点,对于中国本土化学生来说,否定词的使用尚且是一个重难点,对于汉语第二母语习得者汉语否定词的学习与运用更加是难点。本文笔者分析了否定词“不”和否定动词“没(有)”的使用情形,着重分析这两个否定词的不同用法,从否定词“不”、否定动词“没(有)”加上形容词、动词、能愿动词、心理动词这几种语法构成来分析,以期解决塔吉克斯坦留学生以及中亚留学生习得汉语否定词的一个大的难题。在理论上分析完否定词“不”和否定动词“没(有)”的各种语法构成后,笔者紧接着分析了塔语中的否定词“на”、“нест”和汉语中的否定词“不”、否定动词“没(有)”的联系与区别,以期找到塔语与汉语使用情形的异同点,找到两种语言学习的规律,以便今后学者研究塔语与汉语。并且针对现今塔吉克斯坦来华留学的学生在中国学习汉语中出现的“语义偏误”、“搭配偏误”、“语序偏误”等偏误,通过调查分析找到出现这些偏误的原因,以期解决这些偏误,并对症下药找到解决这些偏误的相应对策,即:列出各类否定结构的限定条件、合理利用语块进行教学、注重利用否定结构中的标志性特征、将否定词“不”、否定动词“没”的教学与助词“了”的教学相结合等等解决方案。
[Abstract]:The study of modern Chinese is inseparable from the use of negative words, but the learning of negative words is a heavy and difficult point in teaching. For Chinese native students, the use of negative words is still a heavy difficulty. It is more difficult for the second mother tongue learner to learn and use the negative words. This paper analyzes the use of the negative words "no" and the negative verb "no (you)", and analyzes the different usage of the two negative words. From the negative word "no", the negative verb "not (have)" plus adjectives, verbs, willing verbs, psychological verbs these several grammatical components to analyze, In order to solve a big problem in the acquisition of Chinese negative words by the students of Tajikistan and Central Asia. After theoretically analyzing the grammatical structure of the negative word "no" and the negative verb "no (you)", Then, the author analyzes the relations and differences between the negative words in the Tagata language, the negative words, the negative words, the negative words, the negative verbs, the negative verbs, and the negative verbs, in order to find the similarities and differences between the use of the Tagata language and the Chinese language, and to find out the rules of learning the two languages. In order for scholars to study Tagata and Chinese in the future. And aiming at the errors of "semantic errors", "collocation errors", "word order errors" and other errors that occur in the study of Chinese in China by students studying in Tajikistan today, Through investigation and analysis to find out the causes of these errors, in order to solve these errors, and find out the appropriate solutions to solve these errors, that is: list all kinds of negative structure of the qualified conditions, reasonable use of chunks for teaching. Pay attention to the use of the symbolic characteristics of the negative structure, and combine the teaching of the negative word "no" and the teaching of the auxiliary word "no" with the solution of the negative word "no" and so on.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H195.3

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