对外汉语教学中“旁”“边”“旁边”的语义句法分析

发布时间：2018-03-15 03:12

本文选题：旁　切入点：边　出处：《重庆师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：文章通过对北京语言大学HSK动态作文语料库的考察,发现留学生在使用“旁”“边”“旁边”时存在偏误现象,这种偏误主要源于留学生对三者的语义、用法认识上的不足。鉴于此,文章对“旁”“边”“旁边”进行了语义和句法上的细致描写和深入分析,探究了“旁”类方位词的语义句法特征。在完善方位系统的同时,为解决对外汉语教学中的偏误问题提供理论上的支撑。全文主要包括五部分:第一部分:指出对外汉语教学中“旁”“边”“旁边”存在偏误现象。运用偏误分析理论将这些偏误分为“遗漏”“误加”“误代”三种类型,其中以“误代”类偏误最为普遍。探究了偏误产生的原因,其根源在于本体研究的不足。第二部分:“旁”“边”的归属问题在语言学界颇具争议,这种争议主要源自于对方位词的不同界定。该部分从语义和句法两个方面给方位词下了定义,并以此为标准判定“旁”“边”属于方位词。第三部分:运用认知理论对方位词“旁”“边”“旁边”进行语义分析。在对“旁”“边”方位义进行溯源的基础上,从大环境、意义和形式三个方面分析了“旁边”产生的原因。接着对三者的空间方位义和引申义进行细致分析,“旁”主要依靠参照物,参照物形体、状态的不同,“旁”表示的具体方位也有所差别。“边”表达空间方位义强调事物的边际感,与参照物之间存在相离、相交、包含三种关系。“边”在长期的使用过程中,产生了向时间域和情感域转变的用法。此外,将三者与典型方位词相比,说明三者在表达空间义上不确定、不显著的特点。第四部分:以语料库相关语料为对象,以定量分析的方式对“旁”类方位词的使用情况进行描写和分析。并在此基础上对三者进行比较,“旁”单独使用形式上多省略,意义上逐渐虚化,使用上要受到各方面的制约,方位词“边”不单独使用。“旁”“边”都能位于部分方位词和数词之后,“旁边”和其他典型方位词不能,但“旁边”能置于表人名词和动物名词之后使用,表示具体的方位。第五部分:解决问题。通过对“旁”“边”“旁边”三者的比较分析,进一步明确了“旁”“边”“旁边”的语义、句法特征。以此为理论依据,对文章第一部分的偏误现象做出解释,并提出相应的教学意见和建议。
[Abstract]:Through the investigation of Beijing Language and Culture University HSK dynamic composition corpus, found that students in the use of "side" and "edge" "next" errors, the error is mainly due to the semantics of the three students, insufficient usage of knowledge. In view of this, the article on the "next" "edge" next to "" the semantics and syntax of a detailed description and analysis, explore the "semantic and syntactic features by" nouns of location. In the range of perfect system at the same time, to provide theoretical support to solve the errors in foreign language teaching. This thesis mainly includes five parts: the first part points out that the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language in the "next" "edge" "next" errors. By using the theory of error analysis of these errors will be divided into "missing" error "and" error generation "three types, in which the" error generation "error type is the most common errors is explored. The cause of its root lies in the ontology. The second part: "next" "edge" problems in the field of linguistics is disputed, the definition of this controversy is mainly derived from other words. This part from two aspects of semantics and syntax to range the definition, and as a standard "beside the" edge "belongs to the range of words. The third part: the application of cognitive theory bearing the words" side "and" edge "" next "semantic analysis. In the" next "" edge "range meaning on the basis of origin, from the environment, the" next "resulting from the analysis of the meaning and the form of three a range of space. Then the meaning of the three and the extended meaning of detailed analysis," side "mainly depends on the reference, the reference form of different state," said the specific position by "are also different." edge "spatial justice emphasize the way of expression There is a sense of marginal, from, and between the reference intersection, contains three kinds of relationship. "Edge" in the long-term use, the change to the time domain and emotional domain usage. In addition, the three compared with the typical range of words, which shows that the three are not identified in the expression of the meaning of space, not significant. The fourth part: a corpus corpus as the object, the use of quantitative analysis methods on "side" nouns of location are described and analyzed. And on the basis of the three comparison, "side" alone on the form of ellipsis, sense of grammaticalization, the use should be restricted by the the orientation of the word "edge" is not used alone. "" by "edge" can be located in the part of orientation words and numerals, "next" and other typical words cannot, but "next" can be placed on a table of people and animal nouns nouns after use, said the specific. A fifth part: solve the problem. Based on the "side" and "edge" and "side" of the three comparative analysis, to further clarify the "side" and "edge" "next" semantic, syntactic features. On the basis of this theory, the first part of this article to explain the phenomenon of error, and put forward the corresponding teaching comments and suggestions.

【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H195.3

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