数量表达方式的类型学考察

发布时间：2018-03-20 02:02

本文选题：数量表达方式　切入点：类型学　出处：《语言研究》2015年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：中国境内少数民族语言的名量表达方式主要有8种,动量表达方式主要有9种。它们在不同语系、不同语序类型的语言中呈现出了不同的分布特征。各数量表达方式的要素之间存在多种对应分布的规律。数量短语在汉藏语系语言中呈互补分布,在阿尔泰语系则位于中心词的同侧。能用数词直接与名词或动词组合表示数量概念的语言,数词与数量短语的分布表现出了高度的一致性:如果一种语言中数词位于名词或动词的左侧,那么这种语言中的数量短语也位于名词或动词的左侧,这在一定程度上表明"数+量+名"式是由"数+名"式发展而来、"数+量+动"式是由"数+动"式发展而来的。"拷贝型名量"主要存在于用"名+数+量"式表示名量的语言中,"拷贝型动量"的存在则与其他动量表达方式并无必然的联系。拷贝型量词的句法位置与所在语言名量表达方式和动量表达方式是一致的。
[Abstract]:There are mainly eight forms of nominal expression and nine forms of momentum expression in minority languages in China. They are in different languages. Different languages of different word order types have different distribution characteristics. There are many corresponding distributions among the elements of various quantitative expressions. Quantitative phrases are distributed in Chinese and Tibetan languages in a complementary manner. The Altaic language family is located on the same side of the central word. A language in which numerals can be combined directly with nouns or verbs to express the concept of quantity. The distribution of numerals and quantitative phrases shows a high degree of consistency: if numerals in a language are on the left side of a noun or verb, the quantitative phrase in that language is also on the left side of a noun or verb. This indicates to a certain extent that the "number name" is developed from the "number name" type, and the "number measure" type is developed from the "number action" type. The "copy type name quantity" mainly exists in the use of "name quantity". The existence of "copy-type momentum" is not necessarily related to other forms of momentum expression. The syntactic position of copy-type quantifiers is consistent with the expressions of noun and momentum in their languages.
【作者单位】：武汉理工大学汉语言学系;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“类型学视野的汉语动量表示法历时演变研究”(12BYY087) 教育部人文社科基金项目“汉语动量构式的历时演变研究”(11YJC740045)
【分类号】：H2

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