基于语料库的现代汉语连词“而且”与“并且”研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 07:23

本文选题：“而且”　切入点：“并且”　出处：《广西大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：“而且”和“并且”是现代汉语中常见的一对语义相近的连词,到目前为止,有关这两个词语异同的研究成果还不丰富,深度也不够。本文首先分析了“而且”“并且”在语义、句法和篇章表现等方面的异同,然后基于北京大学(CCL)语料库(网络版)、北京语言大学(BCC)语料库对二者在语料库中的分布和使用情况进行对比,最后探究其语用差异的成因。经研究,得出如下结论:语义方面:“而且”和“并且”可以表示并列关系和表示递进关系。表并列关系时,大多数情况下二者都能相互替换使用;表递进关系时,“而且”可以连接动词和形容词,而“并且”多连接动词。句法方面:连接多项时,“而且”“并且”的位置可以根据表达重心或前后成分的特点来调整;“而且”“并且”只能连接谓词性成分,不连接体词性成分;“并且”一般不连接单音节形容词;当“而且”“并且”连接两个先后发生或几乎同时发生的动作,且与前后项不是紧密连接时,“而且”或“并且”可以省略。二者的句法位置差异主要体现在连接主谓句时,“而且”只能用于主语前;而“并且”可用于主语前,有时也可用在主语后。篇章方面:“而且”和“并且”都具有衔接前后句子以组成句群的篇章功能,其衔接方式有复现、与其他关联连词、副词、短语同现等。复现的“而且”或“并且”是否具有跨句语义关联作用,主要是受其所在的位置影响。“而且”与“并且”在不同语体的语料中,使用情况也不一样:“而且”更适用于“主观语体”,“并且”更适用于“客观语体”。理据方面:通过考察“而且”和“并且”的历史发展情况,我们发现“并且”取代了“且并”之后迅速发展,表递进义的功能逐渐固定下来,在其后来的发展过程中,与表递进义的“而且”之间出现了竞争关系。表递进义的“而且”和“并且”之间的竞争使得二者在不同历史时期的使用中曾出现此消彼长的现象,也促使二者的语用功能朝互补方向发展,这也是二者之所以至今还能并存的重要原因。
[Abstract]:"and" and "also" is a common pair of semantic conjunctions in modern Chinese. So far, the research on the similarities and differences between these two words is not rich, nor is it deep enough. The similarities and differences in syntax and text representation are then compared based on the CCL corpus of Peking University (Beijing language and language University, Beijing language and language University). Finally, the causes of pragmatic differences are explored. The following conclusions are drawn: in semantic terms: "and" and "also" can express the parallel relationship and the progressive relationship. In most cases, the two can be used as substitutes for each other; In progressive relationships, "and" can connect verbs and adjectives, Syntactic aspect: when connecting multiple items, the position of "and" and "also" can be adjusted according to the characteristics of the expression center of gravity or the elements before and after; and "and" and "can only connect predicate elements," Disconnected parts of speech; "and" generally do not connect monosyllabic adjectives; when "and" and "connect" two actions that occur successively or almost simultaneously, And when it is not closely connected with the preceding item, "and" or "and" may be omitted. The syntactic differences between the two are mainly reflected in the syntactic differences between them when connecting subject-predicate sentences, "and" can only be used before the subject, and "and" can be used before the subject. Sometimes it can also be used after the subject. In the textual aspect: "and" and "also" have the function of connecting the sentences before and after to form a sentence group, and their cohesive modes include repetition, conjunction with other relevant conjunctions, adverbs, etc. Phrase co-occurrence, etc. Whether or not the repeated "and" or "also" has cross-sentence semantic relevance is mainly influenced by its location. "and" and "and" are in the corpus of different language styles. The usage is also different: "and" is more applicable to "subjective style", "and" to "objective style." in terms of justifications: by examining the historical development of "and" and "also", We found that "and" took the place of "and" and developed rapidly, and the progressive function gradually became fixed, and in its subsequent development, There is a competitive relationship between the "and" of progressive meaning. The competition between "and" and "and" of progressive meaning has led to the phenomenon of rising and falling in the use of both in different historical periods. It also promotes their pragmatic functions to develop in the direction of complementation, which is the important reason why they still coexist.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146.2

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