清末民初民用交通工具外来词研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 00:00

本文选题：民用交通工具名称 + 定量　；参考：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：外来词是一个民族语言词汇的重要组成部分之一,是词汇系统的特殊群体,也是词汇学研究的重点及难点之一。清末民初时期,由于西学东渐的发展深入,大量外来词涌入汉语词汇系统。其中,民用交通工具的译介在当时产生不小影响。本文试图搜集梳理当时影响力较大的中文文献,以其中出现的民用交通工具名称为研究对象,综合定量与定性,历时与共时相结合的研究方法,深入研究交通工具名称进入汉语词汇系统的进程,以期窥探汉语词汇发展的一般模式。论文具体包括六个部分:第一部分为绪论。简要介绍本文的选题背景、依据和研究意义,以及国内外关于民用交通工具外来词研究的研究现状和成果,随后对本文的重要概念进行了界定,界定了本文的文献范围和时间范围。最后说明了论文的研究内容和研究方法。第二部分对清末明初的民用交通工具名称进行界定本章在对外来词、时间范围和民用交通工具进行界定的基础上,逐步精确语料范围,形成了清末民初民用交通工具名称的整体概貌,并大体将其分为“船类”和“车类”,两类名称,又将车类名称划分“火车”“自行车”“汽车”“电车”四类名称并分别进行数据统计,从而明确了论文的研究对象,以上统计出的结论也为下两章的分析打下基础。第三部分在对清末民初民用交通工具名称进行界定的基础上,从翻译方式、音节类型、构词类型等方面对船类交通工具进行了共时描写,并大致总结了其外在特点。第四部分将车类民用交通工具分为火轮车类、自行车类、电车类、汽车类四个部分分别从翻译方式、音节类型、构词类型等方面进行共时描写。第五部分则运用语言学理论从翻译方式、语义、语音、词汇、语法等方面探索了近代民用交通工具名称的特点,并试图分析其原因。第六部分主要从历时层面考察清末民初民用交通工具名称在民国及以后的发展情况,通过参考词典来考察各个名称的存亡情况,并在此基础上探讨外来词的汉语化规律。随后又讨论了民用交通工具名称对现代汉语的影响和启示。
[Abstract]:Loanwords are an important part of a national language vocabulary, a special group of lexical systems, and also one of the key and difficult points in lexicology.During the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, due to the development of western learning, a large number of loanwords poured into the Chinese lexical system.Among them, the translation of civil vehicles at that time produced no small impact.This paper attempts to collect and comb the influential Chinese literature at that time, taking the name of civil transportation as the research object, combining quantitative and qualitative, diachronic and synchronic research methods.This paper studies the process of vehicle names entering Chinese lexical system in order to explore the general pattern of Chinese lexical development.The thesis includes six parts: the first part is the introduction.This paper briefly introduces the background, basis and significance of the topic, as well as the current situation and achievements of the research on loanwords of civil transportation at home and abroad, and then defines the important concepts of this paper.This paper defines the scope of the literature and time range.Finally, the research contents and methods of the thesis are explained.The second part defines the names of civil vehicles in the late Qing Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. On the basis of defining loanwords, time limits and civil vehicles, this chapter gradually defines the scope of the corpus.It formed a general picture of the names of civil vehicles in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, and divided them into "ship class" and "vehicle class", two kinds of names.The name of vehicle class is divided into four categories of names of "train", "bicycle", "automobile" and "tram" and the data statistics are carried out respectively, so as to clarify the research object of the paper, and the conclusion from the above statistics also lays the foundation for the analysis of the next two chapters.On the basis of defining the names of civil vehicles in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, the third part gives a synchronic description of ship vehicles from the aspects of translation, syllable type and word formation type, and summarizes their external characteristics.In the fourth part, the author divides the vehicle into four parts: fire wheel, bicycle, tram and automobile. The four parts are described in terms of translation, syllable type, word formation type and so on.The fifth part explores the characteristics of modern civil vehicle names in terms of translation, semantics, pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar, and tries to analyze the reasons.The sixth part mainly from the diachronic level examines the development of the civil vehicle names in the Republic of China and the beginning of the Republic of China in the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, and through reference dictionaries to examine the existence and death of each name, and on this basis to explore the rule of Chinese loanwords.Then it discusses the influence and enlightenment of civil vehicle names on modern Chinese.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H134

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