动补式“V个VP”中“个”的标记功能及其选择性研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 15:52

本文选题：V个VP + 结构义　；参考：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代汉语中的常用结构“V个VP”具备致使事件义、变化义和主观极大量义,“V”位置上的动词成分多具备[+致使性][+动作性][+自主性]的语义特征,其次,“VP”位置上的成分多为单词类的性质形容词和状态形容词或结构凝练的谓词性短语,形容词自身具备变化义与描写义,在语义上多是说明中心动词“V”表示的动作行为带来的变化和结果,并且多是超常规或超预期的结果。我们将结构义与变项成分的特性结合,总结出该结构义对变项选择性的三个表现:一是结构义对其内部变项“V”和“VP”具有选择性,具体来说,常项“个”是整体结构意义的标记,对变项“V”和“VP”成分的选择一定存在某种牵制。二是不同的结构义对不同的成分有不同的选择性,如:变项“V”框架内,结构的致使事件义影响致使范畴下动词的选择度,有界性影响界性动词的选择度,又如变项“VP”框架内,结构的致使事件义和变化义影响不同状态意义形容词的选择度,指称性影响不同形式或句法结构成分的选择度,结构的主观大量义异态量影响对具备不同量性或量级的成分的选择等,甚至于结构的焦点标记功能和指称性也会给不同成分的进入带来影响。三是结构义与外部环境间的协调性和互动性,结构意义需要一个相容的语境来体现。具体体现为以下三点:一是具备有界意义的“V个VP”与未然性和已然性事件相匹配,排斥活动性事件。二是结构所在语篇包括“主观小量——主观大量”和“主观预期量——实际量”两种语义序列形式,体现了“V个VP”主观量的形成机制(一是对比主观小量而形成,二是对比心理期待量而形成,三是本身的夸张语义)。三是“V个VP”具备的结果义和主观评价义使其一般不出现在有疑而问的真值疑问句中。“V个VP”对变项的选择存在异质语言现象,如“V”位置上出现无界动词、非致使义动词、非自主动词,“VP”位置上出现小量成分,这些语义、功能上不匹配的成分在进入结构后受其压制发生了语义变化和功能扩展,遵循了结构的整体意义,最终与结构义相和谐。
[Abstract]:In modern Chinese, the common structure "V VP" has the semantic characteristics of causative event, variable meaning and a great deal of subjective meaning. Most of the verb components in "V" position have the semantic characteristics of "causality" [action] [autonomy]. Most of the elements in the position of "VP" are the nature adjectives of the category of words and the adjectives of the state or the predicate phrases with condensed structure. The adjectives themselves have the changing meaning and the descriptive meaning. In terms of semantics, it is mainly about the changes and results brought about by the action behavior represented by the central verb "V", and most of them are the result of supernormal or surpassing expectations. We combine the characteristics of structural meaning with variable component, and summarize three manifestations of structural meaning selectivity to variables: one is that structural meaning is selective to its internal variables "V" and "VP", specifically speaking, the structural meaning is selective to its internal variables "V" and "VP". The constant term "individual" is the mark of the whole structural meaning, and there must be some restraint on the selection of the variables "V" and "VP". Second, different structural meanings have different selectivity to different components, such as: in the frame of variable "V", the causative event of structure affects the choice of verbs under the category of causative events, and the boundedness affects the choice of bounded verbs. In the framework of variable "VP", the causative event meaning and changing meaning of structure affect the choice of adjectives with different state meanings, and referential influence the selection degree of different forms or syntactic structural components. The influence of a large number of subjective heteromorphisms on the selection of components with different quantities or orders of magnitude, and even the focal point marker function and referential function of the structure, will also affect the entry of different components. Third, the coordination and interaction between structural meaning and external environment, structural meaning needs a compatible context to reflect. The first is that V VP, which has bounded meaning, matches with the events of preexistence and already, and repels the active events. The second is that the discourse in which the structure is located consists of two semantic sequential forms of "subjective small quantity-subjective large quantity" and "subjective expectation quantity-actual quantity", which embodies the formation mechanism of "V VP" subjective quantity. Second, the comparison of psychological expectations and the formation of the third is its own hyperbole. Third, the result meaning and subjective evaluation meaning of "V VP" make it generally not appear in the question of true value interrogative sentence. "V VP" has heterogeneous linguistic phenomenon in the selection of variables, such as the unbounded verb in "V" position. Non-causative verbs, involuntary verbs, "VP" positions appear in a small number of components, these semantic, functional mismatch elements after entering the structure by its suppression of semantic changes and functional expansion, following the overall meaning of the structure, Finally, harmony with structural meaning.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146.3

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