从原型构式看词类在句法结构中的分布

发布时间：2018-04-21 18:06

本文选题：原型构式 + 词类　；参考：《上海师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文认为,汉语中唯一可能的词类和句法对应关系是:词有定类,类有定位。本文首先回顾在汉语词类和句法对应关系上,已有的研究成果,并提出,后退一步,回归王力先生的“词有定类”、“词类活用”的观点才能找到一个合适的出发点和立足点。继而结合儿童语言习得、神经语言学方面积累的大量证据,以及Croft(2001)和Bybee(2010)在构式语法方面的理论成果,从构式语法的角度,探索词有定类、词类活用的本质,提出词类体系是一个动态平衡的体系,静态的词类观点无法解决词类和句法成分的对应问题。本文放弃了将句法成分作为句法单位的传统观点,认为主语、谓语、宾语等句法成分代表语序语义空间里的一片区域,其内部有多个句法位置,而非只有一个位置,且相邻句法成分之间是有重叠的,而句法位置在语序语义空间是固定的。本文采用并拓展了构式语法中插槽(slot)的概念,认为在原型构式的插槽中句法位置和词类高度匹配。本文进而对兰卡斯特大学中文语料库(LCMC)的A类部分13万余字进行了统计和分析,根据分析结果绘制出各句法插槽在语序语义空间的位置,并加以综合,由此找出了汉语中的原型构式,即一种排除了句法成分的影响,且能代表汉语一般语义语序特征的高度抽象的句法插槽的组合体。
[Abstract]:This paper holds that the only possible corresponding relation between word and syntax in Chinese is: word has definite category and category has orientation. This paper first reviews the existing research results on the corresponding relationship between Chinese parts of speech and syntax, and proposes that only by taking a step back and returning to Mr. Wang Li's viewpoint that "words have fixed categories" and "parts of speech can be used flexibly" can we find a proper starting point and foothold. Then combining with the abundant evidence accumulated in children's language acquisition, neurolinguistics, as well as the theoretical achievements in construction grammar of Croftfen 2001) and Bybee2010), from the perspective of construction grammar, the author explores the nature of word classification and useful use of parts of speech. It is proposed that the part of speech system is a dynamic equilibrium system, and the static concept of part of speech cannot solve the problem of correspondence between the part of speech and the syntactic component. This paper gives up the traditional view that the syntactic elements are syntactic units, and thinks that the syntactic elements such as subject, predicate and object represent a region in the semantic space of word order, which has multiple syntactic positions, not just one position. And there is overlap between adjacent syntactic components, while syntactic position is fixed in word order semantic space. In this paper, the concept of slot lotlot in construction grammar is adopted and extended, and it is considered that the syntactic position and the height of part of speech match in the slot of prototype construction. In this paper, more than 130000 words in Category A of Lancaster University Chinese Corpus are analyzed and analyzed. According to the analysis results, the position of each syntactic slot in the semantic space of word order is plotted and synthesized. From this, we find out the prototype construction in Chinese, that is, a highly abstract syntactic slot which excludes the influence of syntactic components and can represent the general semantic word order features of Chinese.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H146

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