程度补语“紧”“很”的历史与现状

发布时间：2018-04-26 04:34

本文选题：程度补语 + 紧　；参考：《汉语学报》2017年02期

【摘要】：在近代汉语中,程度补语"紧""很(狠)"是"V/A+得(的)+程度补语"结构中的主要成员,两者在汉语史上存在竞争替换关系,明中期至清初主要用程度补语"紧",清中叶及以后主要用程度补语"很(狠)"。通过考察近代文献中程度补语"紧""很(狠)"的使用情况,并结合其在现代汉语方言中的分布,考证"紧"作程度补语在明清是南北通行的用法,现代汉语阶段只保留在南方方言中的个别方言点;推测程度补语"很(狠)"兴起于江淮流域而后向北向西扩散。程度补语"紧"衰退的原因有三:在与程度补语"很(狠)"的竞争中失去优势;自身义项过多,表义明晰性低;"要死""了不得"等程度补语的使用。
[Abstract]:In modern Chinese, the degree complement "tight" and "hard" are the main members of the "V / A degree complement" structure, and there is a competitive substitution relationship between them in the history of Chinese. From the middle of Ming Dynasty to the beginning of Qing Dynasty, the degree complement was mainly used. By investigating the use of the degree complement "tight" and "very hard" in modern literature, and combining its distribution in modern Chinese dialects, it is proved that the use of "tight" degree complement in the Ming and Qing dynasties is a common usage in the north and south. In the stage of modern Chinese, only a few dialects in the Southern dialect are retained, and the degree complement "very (fierce)" rises in the Jianghuai River Basin and diffuses to the north and west. There are three reasons for the decline of degree complement "tight": losing advantage in competition with degree complement "very hard"; excessive meaning of oneself and low clarity of meaning; use of degree complement such as "dying" and "not".
【作者单位】：南京师范大学文学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大招标项目“汉语史语料库建设研究”(编号:10&ZD117)的资助
【分类号】：H146

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