基于事件结构理论的连动结构时体特征的类型学研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 15:02

本文选题：连动结构 + 事件结构　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文对连动结构进行了界定和分类,证实了连动结构中的动词顺序应遵循时间顺序原则,研究了多种语言中连动结构的词汇体特征规律,并跨语言分析了连动结构中显性体标记的数量、位置和辖域,尤其对现代汉语进行了详细描述。研究方法上,本文在事件结构框架下界定了连动结构,并根据其次事件之间的理论时间关系将连动结构分为三类,以53种语言中的连动结构语料为例,用类型学和对比语言学的视角,从词汇体特征、显性时体标记两个方面系统探讨了连动结构的时体特征。在词汇体特征方面,本文以“完整/非完整”、“持续/非持续”、“静态/动态”三组词汇体特征为依据,分别讨论了不同连动结构类型中两词组的合法词汇体特征组合。在共时连动结构中,VP1的词汇体特征只能为(-,+,+)或(-,+,-);在绝对序时连动结构中,合法的VP1词汇体特征为(+,+,-)或(+,-,-);而VP2则不受限。对于交叉序时连动结构,目前只发现一种词汇体特征组合,即VP1(-,+,-),VP2(+,-,-)。连动结构中的所有谓词通常共享同样的时制,但尚未发现普遍的显性时体标记规律。连动结构有四种时体标记类型:单标、共标、选择性共标和分开标记,体标记因各语言而异,不一定管辖所有谓词。其中,现代汉语是一种典型的分开标记语言。它对体标记的选择及体标记的辖域主要受三个因素控制:连动结构的类型、谓词的词汇体特征和体标记本身的特性。此外,在一些语言中,连动结构的谓词之一已经或正在语法化为显性体标记。本文得出的类型学研究发现不仅为连动结构的跨语言研究提供了普遍的借鉴意义,还为现代汉语的连动结构研究提供了更广阔的视角,对未来更深入的研究具有启发意义。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the author defines and classifies the connective structure, and proves that the verb order should follow the principle of time order, and studies the lexical aspect characteristics of the conjunctive verb structure in many languages. Furthermore, the number, position and scope of dominant body markers in connective structures are analyzed, especially in modern Chinese. In terms of research methods, this paper defines the contiguous structure under the framework of event structure, and divides it into three categories according to the theoretical temporal relationship between the secondary events, taking the contiguous structure corpus of 53 languages as an example. From the perspective of typology and contrastive linguistics, this paper systematically discusses the tense and aspect characteristics of conjunctive structures from the aspects of lexical aspect characteristics and dominant tense markers. In terms of lexical aspect, this paper, based on the three groups of "complete / non-intact", "persistence / non-persistence" and "static / dynamic", respectively, discusses the legal lexical aspect feature combinations of the two phrases in different contiguous structure types. In the synchronic conjunctive structure, the lexical aspect characteristics of VP1 can only be (-,) or (-), and in the absolute chronological contiguous structure, the lawful VP1 lexical body features are (-) or (-), while the VP2 is not limited. At present, there is only one type of lexical feature combination, VP1-, VP2-, which is only found in the cross-sequence conjunctive structure. All predicates in conjunctive structures usually share the same tense system, but no universal dominant temporal markers have been found. There are four types of chronotypic markers in conjunctive structures: single label, co-label, selective co-label and separated marker. The volume marker varies from language to language and does not necessarily govern all predicates. Among them, modern Chinese is a typical separated markup language. The choice of volume markers and the scope of volume markers are mainly controlled by three factors: the type of conjunctive structure, the lexical aspect characteristics of predicates and the characteristics of volume markers themselves. In addition, in some languages, one of the predicates of conjunctive structures has been or is being grammatically transformed into explicit aspect markers. The typology findings in this paper not only provide a general reference for the cross-language study of connective structures, but also provide a broader perspective for the study of connective structures in modern Chinese, which is instructive to further study in the future.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H043

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