基于ERPs技术的汉语反语识解中的性别差异研究
本文选题:汉语反语 + ERPs实验 ; 参考:《四川外国语大学》2017年硕士论文
【摘要】:根据理解加工的复杂程度,人类语言可分为字面语言和非字面语言(比喻性语言),反语作为一种典型的非字面语言,更加集中体现了人类认知的复杂性,但同时也在我们的日常生活中占据了举足轻重的地位。反语作为一种常见的修辞方式,长期以来在很多领域受到众多研究者的青睐,如:文学,修辞学,语言学等,而如今认知神经语言学的快速发展,更是为反语的研究开辟了新的方向和思路。虽然长期以来性别差异研究在多个领域都进行得如火如荼,尤其以文学和社会语言学为主,但从电生理这种实验科学视角研究性别差异的却相对较少,以此方法研究汉语修辞加工中的性别差异更是几乎没有,考虑到反语与我们的日常生活息息相关,同时也是汉语修辞中的一种重要修辞手段,因此本研究采用事件相关电位技术(ERPs),探索了汉语反语识解加工过程中的性别差异。本实验在四川外国语大学外语学习认知神经实验室完成,以行为数据和脑电成分为主要参考指标,采用2(男女被试)×3(关键句类型:反语句、直义句以及无关句)的实验范式,实验要求被试在规定的时间内阅读相关语境和关键句,呈现结束后判断探测词为真词还是假词,最后再判断陈述句描述的内容是否和前文一致,并分别按下相应键。需要指出本研究均采用熟悉反语,本实验通过Neuroscan 4.5和Synaps 2软件采集并记录脑电数据,然后对行为数据和脑电数据进行离线分析,最后再通过SPSS19.0软件进行统计分析。研究结果如下:(1)行为数据表明,男女在反语句条件下,判断探测词真假的反应时间分别为1134.59ms和1035.06ms,直义句条件下分别为1087.43ms和1026.17ms,无关句条件下分别为1197.79ms和1064.07ms,三种情况下女性的平均反应时间都短于男性,但差异不显著。男女均呈现以下趋势:直义句的反应时间最短,无关句的反应时间最长,反语居于二者之间。男女在反语条件下的正确率分别为97.2%和97.6%,在直义句条件下分别为98.7%和98.4%,二者基本无差异。(2)脑电数据表明,探测词在50ms—150ms时间窗内,男女识解汉语反语的波幅差异显著[t=-3.4765,p=0.0020.05],女性诱发更大的N100波幅。探测词在150ms—250ms时间窗内,男女识解汉语反语的潜伏期差异显著[t=4.485,p=0.0010.05],女性诱发P200的潜伏期更短,但在反语对比直义句的条件下,男性[t=1.332,p=0.0220.05]比女性[t=2.171,p=0.0480.05]诱发更大的P200波幅。探测词在250ms-450ms时间窗内,男女识解汉语反语的潜伏期差异显著[t=5.243,p=0.0000.05],同样地,女性诱发N400的潜伏期更短,但是男性在三种话语类型的交互对比中,N400的波幅差异不显著,女性[t=2.874,p=0.0120.05]则在反语对比直义句条件下诱发了更大的N400波幅。探测词在450ms-1000ms时间窗内,男女识解汉语反语的波幅差异显著[t=-4.745,p=0.0000.05],女性能诱发更大的LPC波幅。以上数据结果表明,汉语反语的识解过程中,确实存在性别差异,说明男女被试采用不同的大脑机制进行加工,同时也在识解过程中采用了不同的策略。女性对于汉语反语的识解加工更为敏感,能更快地集中注意力,但男性能更快地对视觉刺激做出反应,因此产生更大的P200波幅;女性对于汉语反语的语义加工也更为迅速,产生更大的N400波幅;女性激活的脑区更为全面,可能之前的个人经历或知识也能更快地促进理解,因此对反映深层次概念加工的LPC更为敏感,产生更大的波幅。但是男女均表现出:直义句识解最容易,无关句最困难,反语介于二者之间,由于本研究均采用熟悉反语,有时甚至表现出反语和直义句无太大显著差异,这也说明反语条件下,被试成功提取了可能性特征,促进了对反语的理解,而无关句无法提取探测词的可能性特征。
[Abstract]:According to the complexity of understanding processing, human language can be divided into literal and non literal languages (figurative languages). As a typical non literal language, irony embodies the complexity of human cognition, but it also occupies a position in our daily life. Irony is a common rhetorical side. It has long been favored by many researchers in many fields, such as literature, rhetoric, linguistics and so on, and now the rapid development of cognitive neurolinguistics has opened up new directions and ideas for the research of irony. Although the study of gender differences has been in full swing in many fields for a long time, especially in literature and society. However, the study of gender differences from the experimental scientific perspective of electrophysiology is relatively small. In this way, it is almost impossible to study the gender differences in Chinese rhetorical processing. Considering that irony is closely related to our daily life, it is also an important rhetorical device in the Chinese rhetoric. Therefore, this study uses events. The correlation potential technique (ERPs) was used to explore the gender differences in the process of Chinese Antithesis processing. The experiment was completed in the cognitive neural Laboratory of foreign language learning in Sichuan foreign language university. The experimental paradigm of 2 (male and female subjects) x 3 (key sentence types: anti sentence type, straight sentence and irrelevant sentence) was used as the main reference index of the behavioral data and electroencephalogram. The experiment requires that the subjects read the relevant contexts and key sentences within the prescribed time, and judge whether the detection words are true words or false words after the presentation, and then judge whether the contents of the statements are consistent with the previous ones, and press the corresponding keys respectively. It is necessary to point out that this study uses familiar irony, and the experiment is through Neuroscan 4.5 and Synaps 2 software. The EEG data were collected and recorded, and then the behavior data and EEG data were analyzed off-line, and then the statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS19.0 software. The results were as follows: (1) behavior data showed that the reaction time of judging the true and false detection words of men and women was divided into 1134.59ms and 1035.06ms under the condition of the irony sentence, and the conditions of the direct meaning sentence were 1087., respectively. 43ms and 1026.17ms are 1197.79ms and 1064.07ms respectively. The average response time of women is shorter than that of men in the three cases, but the difference is not significant. Both men and women show the following trends: the shortest reaction time of the straight sentences, the longest reaction time in the irrelevant sentences, and the reversion between the two. The difference between 97.2% and 97.6% is 98.7% and 98.4%, respectively, and there is no difference between the two and the two. (2) the EEG data shows that the amplitude difference between men and women in understanding Chinese irony is significant [t=-3.4765, p=0.0020.05], and the female induces a greater N100 amplitude in the time window of the Chinese language. There is a significant difference in incubation period of [t=4.485, p=0.0010.05], and the incubation period of P200 is shorter in women. But under the condition of contrastive contrastive sentences, male [t=1.332, p=0.0220.05] than female [t=2.171, and p=0.0480.05] induce greater P200 wave amplitude. In the 250ms-450ms time window, there is a significant difference in the latency difference between men and women in understanding Chinese irony [t. =5.243, p=0.0000.05], similarly, the latency of N400 induced by women is shorter, but in the male interaction of three types of discourse, the amplitude difference of N400 is not significant. The female [t=2.874 and p=0.0120.05] induce a greater N400 amplitude in the contrastive contrastive sentence condition. In the 450ms-1000ms time window, the detective words understand the Chinese irony. The difference in amplitude of wave amplitude is [t=-4.745, p=0.0000.05], and women can induce a greater amplitude of LPC wave. The results show that there is a gender difference in the process of Chinese irony, which shows that men and women are used to process different brain mechanisms and adopt different strategies in the process of understanding. It is more sensitive and able to concentrate more quickly, but men can react more quickly to visual stimuli, resulting in greater P200 amplitude; women's semantic processing of Chinese irony is also faster, producing greater N400 amplitude; women are more fully active in the brain and may be faster in previous personal experiences or knowledge. To promote understanding, the LPC is more sensitive to the deep conceptual processing and produces greater amplitude. But both men and women show the easiest, the most difficult, and the irony between the two. Under the condition of language, the subjects successfully extracted the possibility characteristics, facilitated the comprehension of irony, and irrelevant sentences could not extract the possibility characteristics of detection words.
【学位授予单位】:四川外国语大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2017
【分类号】:H15
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 王小潞;黄彬瑶;李宏汀;;汉语篇章阅读中反语认知的心理机制:反语表达对肯定/否定数量词“聚焦效应”的影响[J];外国语(上海外国语大学学报);2016年01期
2 徐盛桓;;隐喻研究的心物随附性维度[J];外国语(上海外国语大学学报);2015年04期
3 黄彬瑶;王小潞;;“其言非其意”:反语认知的心理机制[J];心理科学进展;2013年12期
4 黄缅;;心智哲学视角下的反语研究[J];外语研究;2012年05期
5 黎樱;杨东;张庆林;;语言加工性别差异的神经机制[J];心理科学进展;2011年11期
6 马利军;张积家;;比喻性语言加工的脑机制[J];心理科学进展;2010年09期
7 张萌;张积家;;语言训练在儿童反语理解中的作用[J];教育探索;2009年05期
8 张萌;张积家;;语调在6~10岁儿童对不同类型反语认知中的作用[J];心理学报;2006年02期
9 王穗苹;黄红清;吴烈坚;;大脑两半球在语言加工中的作用[J];华南师范大学学报(社会科学版);2005年05期
10 涂靖;论反语的本质属性[J];外语教学;2004年06期
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 黄缅;相邻关系—汉语反语的认知语用研究[D];广东外语外贸大学;2008年
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 曹湘洁;汉语反语心物随附性主特征提取的ERPs研究[D];四川外国语大学;2016年
,本文编号:1867571
本文链接:https://www.wllwen.com/wenyilunwen/yuyanyishu/1867571.html