古汉语“及物”变读规则所反映的语言运作模式

发布时间：2018-05-10 19:24

本文选题：古汉语 + 变读　；参考：《古汉语研究》2017年01期

【摘要】：着眼于古汉语变读系统中动词变读前后的词汇特征,可以发现不及物及物变读有如下规律:(1)自主、不及物、动作动词,变读去声成为带处所、目的、对象、原因等非受事宾语的及物动词;(2)不自主、不及物、状态动词,通过清浊交替或是增加*s-前缀成为致使词。前者按主格/宾格模式运作,宾格是标记项,其标记互指于动词导致动词变读去声;后者按作格/通格模式运作,作格是标记项,其标记亦互指于动词导致动词变读清声母或增带*s-前缀。其实这两种形态标记的都是占据核心论元位置的非核心成分。综合不及物及物、及物双及物等变读用例可知,古汉语中主格/宾格、作格/通格两种模式分裂的主要基础是语义层面的词汇体范畴,即动词表动作还是表状态。典型的动作动词、状态动词的运作模式泾渭分明,非典型用例有自己的特色。除此之外,尚有其它运作模式。
[Abstract]:Focusing on the lexical features of verbs before and after changing reading in ancient Chinese, we can find that intransitive change in reading has the following rules: 1) Autonomy, intransitivity, action verb, and change of reading and removing sound into place, purpose and object, An involuntary, intransitive, or state verb that alternates with turbidity or adds a "s-prefix" to become a causative word. The former operates in the mode of subject / case, and the object is a marked item, and its marker refers to each other in the verb, which causes the verb to change to pronounce, while the latter operates in the mode of case / case, and the case is a marked item. The markers also refer to each other when the verb causes the verb to pronounce the initials or to add the s-prefix. In fact, these two morphological markers are non-core elements that occupy the core argument position. By synthesizing intransitive, transitive and other variable reading cases, we can see that the main basis of the split of the two patterns in ancient Chinese is the category of lexical aspect at the semantic level, that is, the verb table action or the expressive state. Typical action verbs and state verbs operate in very different ways, and atypical use cases have their own characteristics. In addition, there are other modes of operation.
【作者单位】：浙江工商大学人文与传播学院;
【分类号】：H113

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