彝文《迎祖灵筒经》整理研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 16:15

本文选题：彝族 + 彝文经籍　；参考：《中央民族大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：彝文文献《迎祖灵筒经》是在彝族祭祖大典仪式上将祖灵筒从祖灵岩洞取出并迎接到主祭场时念诵的经书,全文共2074字,现藏于云南省禄劝县古籍办公室,其内容极为丰富,大致有以下内容:宣布祭奠仪式开始,整理祭场,铺设垫毯,准备祭奠神灵;各个神灵依照地位排次序;备齐各物,开始祛除邪秽,防御和排除凶险;叙述彝族历史,阐释各个阶层特点、职责;详述祖灵筒的兴起,制作,安置,供奉等;介绍祖妣偶像的制作;最后在祭场间行祭礼,供奉祖灵筒。为我们全面了解彝族祖灵信仰以及祭祀礼仪习俗提供可靠的依据,同时对研究彝族古代社会及传统文化也有重要意义。本文在对文献进行整理翻译的基础上,对与文献内容相关的风俗礼仪加以探讨,并对文献用字及语言特点进行分析研究。首先扼要地介绍彝族祭祖大典的基本礼仪及《迎祖灵筒经》的概要,然后对经文进行四行对译,并对经文中的重要名词术语加以注释,在各章末集中该章内容以散文体予以意译,最后对经文中的特殊用字情况作简要分析,并对经文中述及的各种神灵作扼要的归纳并按先后顺序排列。其中,四行对译部分为论文的主体,也是整篇论文中篇幅最长的部分,为方便读者对照阅读,将每句标以序号,共计426句。本文将经文分为三章进行翻译整理,内容上分为"祭奠前准备及彝族历史介绍"、"祖灵筒制度的兴起"、"制作供奉祖灵筒"三部分。通篇以四行对译的翻译形式以期便于读者学习理解每个彝文的读音及意义,对于学习东部方言区彝语语音词汇也有重要价值;然而,由于彝文历史悠久且内涵丰富,在翻译的过程中,笔者发现,经文中存在着大量特殊的字词和句法现象,并将其总结归纳为独特的拆词分句、叠字与替字符号、数词用字变异性、假借字、异体字等,并就每种现象都从文中列举数例说明,以便于读者理解。这些特殊的语言现象和用字习惯,向我们展示了彝族先民的智慧,同时也展现了彝族语言文字在发展过程中的各种用字情况及其规律,对研究彝文发展大有裨益。根据有关彝学专家的研究成果和众多彝族历史文献记载可知,彝族早在父系氏族时代的社会结构就已分成七个阶层,而《迎祖灵筒经》一文中对于每个阶层的等级关系和各自职能都有详细的叙述,包括其创始人,杰出者等。对于这部分神灵名称,为保持与其他文献记载的一致性,笔者都采用音译的方法来翻译,并详细说明各种神灵的具体职能和管辖范围,以方便理解文意,同时也为其他著作中的神灵称谓翻译和诠释提供参考。总之,本文以经文翻译为基础,对经文中的特殊语言现象及神灵进行语词诠释与解读,以丰富彝文文献研究成果,增加彝区方言文献研究实例,并为彝族祖灵信仰及祖先崇拜等传统文化研究提供可资借鉴的文献资料和民俗礼仪方面的实例。
[Abstract]:The Ying-Zuling Tube Sutra, a document in Yi language, was read out of the Zuling Cave from the Zuling Cave and welcomed to the main sacrifice site at the ceremony of the Yi people's ancestor worship ceremony. The full text is 2074 words in total. It is now stored in the Ancient Books Office of Luquan County, Yunnan Province. It is extremely rich in content. There are the following contents: announcing the beginning of the memorial ceremony, arranging the sacrifice grounds, laying blankets, preparing for the memorial deities; ranking the gods according to their status; preparing the various objects for removing evil spirits, defenses and eliminating evil dangers; and describing the history of the Yi people. Explain the characteristics and duties of each class; elaborate on the rise, production, placement, worship, etc. It provides a reliable basis for us to fully understand the worship and ritual customs of the Yi people, and it is also of great significance to the study of the ancient society and traditional culture of the Yi nationality. On the basis of the collation and translation of the literature, this paper probes into the customs and manners related to the contents of the documents, and analyzes the characters and language characteristics of the documents. First of all, a brief introduction is given to the basic etiquette of the ceremony of the Yi people to worship their ancestors and the outline of the "Yingzuling cylinder Sutra", and then the four lines of translation of the text are carried out, and the important terms in the scriptures are annotated. At the end of each chapter, the contents of this chapter are translated in a loose style. Finally, a brief analysis is made of the special words used in the text, and the various gods mentioned in the text are summarized briefly and arranged in order. Among them, the four-line translation is the main part of the thesis and the longest part of the whole paper. In order to facilitate the readers to read, each sentence is marked with a serial number, a total of 426 sentences. The text is divided into three chapters for translation and arrangement. The content is divided into three parts: "preparation before the memorial ceremony and the introduction of Yi nationality history", "the rise of the Zulingtun system" and "making and offering the Zuling barrel". The translation of the whole text in four lines in order to facilitate readers to understand the pronunciation and meaning of each Yi language is also of great value to the study of Yi pronunciation vocabulary in the eastern dialect area. However, because of its long history and rich connotation, Yi language has a long history and rich connotation. In the process of translation, the author finds that there are a large number of special words and syntactic phenomena in the text, and sums them up into a unique word breaking clause, reduplicated character and substitute character symbol, numeral character variation, false loan character, heterotypic character, etc. Several examples are given to illustrate each phenomenon in order to facilitate the reader's understanding. These special language phenomena and usage habits show us the wisdom of the Yi people, and at the same time, it also shows all kinds of characters and their rules in the development of Yi language and characters, which is of great benefit to the study of Yi language development. According to the research results of Yi experts and many historical documents of Yi nationality, the social structure of Yi nationality has been divided into seven classes as early as the patrilineal clan era. However, the "Yingzuling cylinder" has a detailed description of the hierarchy and their respective functions of each class, including its founder, outstanding person, and so on. In order to maintain consistency with other documents, the author uses transliteration method to translate the names of these gods, and explains in detail the specific functions and jurisdiction of various gods, so as to facilitate the understanding of literary meaning. It also provides reference for translation and interpretation of deity appellations in other works. In a word, based on the translation of scripture, this paper interprets and interprets the special language phenomena and deities in the text, in order to enrich the research results of Yi language literature and increase the examples of the study of Yi dialect literature. It also provides reference documents and examples of folklore etiquette for the study of traditional culture of Yi nationality such as ancestral spirit belief and ancestor worship.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H217

【参考文献】