表静态存在的“V着”和“V了”研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 03:09

本文选题：静态存在 + 构式　；参考：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：静态存在句是指空间内以静止的状态(方式)存在某人(物)的一类句式。文章选取中段是“V着”或“V了”的静态存在句为研究对象,即“方位短语+V着/了+名词性成分”形式的静态存在句。在现代汉语里,“着”和“了”被视为两个典型的体标记。动词后的助词“着”、“了”在不同的句法条件下,表现出不同的体意义,动词后“着”是一种典型的进行体或持续体标志,而“了”则为完成体的标志。既然“着”和“了”分别表达了不同的体意义,那么理论上两者在句中也应表达不同的句义,但在一些句子中两者的这种差别却似乎消失了。例如:“桌上放着一本书。”和“桌上放了一本书。”句义基本一致,句中的助词“着”和“了”都表状态的持续,差别不大。本文尝试从以下几个方面对这一现象进行研究:1)从共时的角度出发,考察了静态“V着”、“V了”存在句中动词后助词“着”和“了”语法意义的相通之处——表示“状态的持续”;2)从历时的角度出发,探究助词“着”、“了”的历史用法,为解释表静态存在的“V着”、“V了”在共时层面所体现出的相似性和两者能够互换找到历史依据;3)以《汉语动词用法词典》为依据,对词典中所标注的能够进入存现句的282个动词,通过使用语料库、网络搜索工具进行逐一考察动词能否同时后接助词“着”和“了”,对比分析助词“着”和“了”互换后句义是否发生改变,最终得出共有166个动词能够同时进入静态“V着”、“V了”存在句,且句中助词“着”、“了”互换后使前后句义基本一致,并对这166个动词进行了语义特征分析;4)运用构式和意象图式等认知理论对静态“V着”、“V了”存在句中助词“着”、“了”互换现象的合理性进行解释;5)对比静态“V着”存在句和静态“V了”存在句,找出使用差距,并分析静态“V着”、“V了”存在句中助词“着”、“了”可以互换的限定条件,还与动态“V着”、“V了”存在句进行了对比分析,以期更好理解静态“V着”、“V了”存在句;6)从类型学的视角出发,分析了在一些方言中存在的用同一形式兼表持续和完成等语法意义的现象,并选取了一些代表性方言中的表现形式来证明表静态存在的“V着”、“V了”能够互换的合理性以及其所具有的类型学上的普遍性。
[Abstract]:Static existential sentence is a kind of sentence structure in which a person (thing) exists in a static state in space. This paper chooses the static existential sentence in the middle of which is "V Zhe" or "V Zhe" as the object of study, that is, the static existential sentence in the form of "azimuth phrase V" / "noun component". In modern Chinese, "Zhe" and "Xue" are regarded as two typical aspect markers. Under different syntactic conditions, the auxiliary words "Ze" and "Zhi" after a verb show different aspect meanings. "Zhe" after a verb is a typical sign of progressive aspect or continuous aspect, while "already" is a sign of perfect aspect. Since "Zhe" and "Xue" respectively express different aspect meanings, in theory they should also express different meanings in sentences, but in some sentences the difference between them seems to have disappeared. There is a book on the table. And "A book on the table." The meaning of the sentence is basically consistent, and the auxiliary words "Ze" and "Hu" in the sentence are not different from each other. This paper attempts to study this phenomenon from the following aspects: 1) from a synchronic point of view, we investigate the static "V". From the diachronic point of view, this paper probes into the historical usage of the auxiliary words "Zhe" and "Shi" in the existential sentence of "V", in which the grammatical meaning of "Zhe" and "Shi" is similar to that of "the continuity of state" from a diachronic point of view. In order to explain the static existence of "V Zhe" in the table, the similarity of "V" in the synchronic level and the fact that the two can interchangeably find the historical basis are based on the Dictionary of Chinese verb usage. With regard to 282 verbs marked in the dictionary that can enter the existential sentences, the use of a corpus and a web search tool are used to examine whether the verbs can be followed by the auxiliary words "Ze" and "Ze" at the same time. By contrastive analysis of whether the meaning of the auxiliary words "Zuo" and "Xue" changed, it was concluded that a total of 166 verbs could enter the static "V", "V" existential sentences at the same time, and the auxiliary words "Zhe" in the sentence. The semantic characteristics of the 166 verbs are analyzed. (4) the static "V Zhe" and "V" in the existential sentence are analyzed by using the cognitive theories such as construction and image schema, and the auxiliary word "Zhe" in the existential sentence, "V" and "V" in the existential sentence. The rationality of the exchange phenomenon is explained by 5) contrasting the static "V Zhe" existential sentence with the static "V" existential sentence, finding out the use gap, and analyzing the static "V Zhe", "V Zhe" in the existential sentence, and the auxiliary word "Zhe" in the "V" existential sentence. In order to better understand the static "V Zhe" and "V" existential sentence, "V Zhe" and "V" existential sentence are compared with the dynamic "V Zhe" and "V" existential sentence (6) from the perspective of typology. This paper analyzes the grammatical meaning of the same form and the persistence and completion in some dialects, and selects the expressions in some representative dialects to prove the static existence of "V zhe". The rationality of "V" interchangeability and its typological universality.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146.3

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