汉语重动句句法研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 10:03

本文选题：重动句 + 最简方案　；参考：《湘潭大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：重动句是一种特殊的汉语句型。自王力先生(1944)提到这种句式以来,许多语言学家进行了广泛而深入的研究。他们的研究提供了很多启示,但是仍然存在不足。因此本文试图重新定义汉语重动句,分析其主要成分的特点和句法地位,并在最简方案理论框架下生成该句型,最后对比其与英语致使句的异同。本文对汉语重动句进行了界定,认为汉语重动句是主语后接动宾短语然后复制动词再带补语的句型。接着文章将重动句分为有标记和无标记重动句。关于重动句中谓语1和补语的特点,语言学家观点不一。本文认为谓语1具有名词的特性,并且可以看作话题,补语可以由不同类型的句子成分充当并且具有不同的语义指向。关于“得”和“了”的语法地位,语言学家仍然没有形成统一的观点,通过从历时的角度分析,本文认为“得”和“了”应该看作轻动词。在最简方案理论框架下,本文主要提出有标记重动句和无标记重动句的生成方式。重动句中存在一个轻动词,吸引主动词移动并与它合并。同时次话题和主话题具有EPP特征和不可诠释的Topic特征,所以它们分别吸引内论元和外论元移动到它们的标志语位置。本文还借鉴程工(1999)广义转换的推导方式,将复制的动词当作一个填充词嵌入到表征中。经历合并、移动以及特征核查等过程后,最终重动句得以生成。本文最后在对比汉语重动句和英语致使句的基础上,指出两种句型的异同。这两种句型有相似的句法结构,都可以看作是一个句子中包含一个非时态的小句,而且这些小句可以由不同的句子成分充当。此外,致使性重动句与英语致使句一样都具有致使性。这两种句型的不同之处在于它们的句法类型不一样,而且重动句中出现了动词复制的现象。
[Abstract]:Verb-copying is a special Chinese sentence pattern. Many linguists have carried out extensive and in-depth studies of this sentence pattern since Mr Wang Li mentioned it in 1944. Their research provides a lot of inspiration, but there are still shortcomings. Therefore, this paper attempts to redefine Chinese verbatim sentences, analyze the characteristics and syntactic status of their main components, and generate the sentence patterns under the framework of the minimalist scheme theory, and finally compare the similarities and differences between them and English causative sentences. In this paper, the author defines the Chinese verb-repeating sentence as the sentence pattern of the subject followed by the verb-object phrase and then the verb followed by the complement. Then the article divides the verbose sentence into marked and unmarked verbatim sentences. Linguists hold different views on the characteristics of predicate 1 and complement in verbatim sentences. This paper holds that predicate 1 has the property of noun and can be regarded as a topic. The complement can be served by different types of sentence elements and has different semantic directions. On the grammatical status of "de" and "Zhi", linguists still have not formed a unified view. From the perspective of diachronic analysis, this paper holds that "de" and "er" should be regarded as light verbs. In the framework of minimalist scheme theory, this paper mainly proposes the generation of tagged and unmarked verbatim sentences. There is a light verb in a verb that attracts the active word to move and merge with it. Both the subtopic and the main topic have the EPP feature and the inexplicable Topic feature, so they attract the inner argument and the external argument to move to their marker position respectively. This paper also draws lessons from the derivation of the generalized transformation of Cheng Gongying (1999) and embeds the duplicated verb into the representation as a filling word. After the process of merging, moving and feature checking, the repetition sentence can be generated. On the basis of contrasting Chinese verbatim sentences with English causative sentences, this paper points out the similarities and differences between the two sentence patterns. These two sentence patterns have similar syntactic structures, which can be regarded as a sentence containing a non-tense clause, and these clauses can be served by different sentence elements. In addition, causative repetition is as causative as English causative sentences. The difference between these two sentence patterns is that their syntactic types are different, and verb duplication occurs in verbatim sentences.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H146.3

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