江苏境内江淮官话声调实验研究

发布时间：2018-06-01 01:21

本文选题：江苏 + 江淮官话　；参考：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文选取江苏省境内江淮官话各方言片的核心代表点和边缘点进行录音调查,其中,江淮官话洪巢片扬淮小片4个方言点:扬州、淮安、连云港、盐城,江淮官话洪巢片南京小片两个方言点:南京、溧水,江淮官话通泰片6个方言点:泰州、南通、泰兴、兴化、大丰、如东,共计12个方言点。在对方言点进行实地录音的基础上对实验数据进行分析整理,对方言声调系统进行声学和听感上的描写,并对各方言点的特殊发声态进行研究。基于声调类型学的理论,将该区域调型进行类型学定位。提出一个新的分区方案,识别出一个'边缘吴语'的区域,对边缘地区方言归属进行重新界定。经过对江淮官话洪巢片和通泰片的录音调查,我们发现充分利用拱形来区别不同调类是大多数汉语方言调系的格局策略。洪巢片主要以5个声调为主,通泰片以6、7个为主,这些方言点除去入声,调型上基本都是常四模式或常四模式加上一个降或凹,也即“降升低平”的组合或者“降升低平降/凹”,即便有些方言点如兴化、连云港等有特殊发声态起作用,但总体来看,江淮官话还是利用拱形来区别不同调类。在特殊发声态方面,江苏境内江淮官话存在假声、嘎裂声等特殊发声态。在我们调查的方言点中,有4个因为有特殊发声态起作用而分域的声调系统,其中洪巢片1个(连云港),通泰片3个(兴化市区、大丰和南通市区)。调域(发声态)是描写声调的重要参数之一,根据发声态特征,可将声调分成上域、常域和下域。江苏境内江淮官话中的特殊发声态在我们研究方言声调的过程中为我们描写方言声调格局提供了新的角度。江苏境内江淮官话的的入声调类依然存在,大部分地区喉塞尾保存完好,部分地区新派已脱落,个别地区全面脱落。目前在我们的调查结果中,洪巢片除南京、连云港外,其他方言点喉塞尾保存较为完好,通泰片如东地区,掘港镇以及河口镇的青年发音人入声例字喉塞尾部分脱落,时长拉长,其他地区喉塞尾也基本保持良好。我们在之前的方言调查中发现通泰方言在声调、发声态方面很接近吴方言。声调以6、7个为主,而且北部兴化、大丰、.东台等地有以假声定义的上域、嘎裂声定义的低域,从如东县的方言情况也可以看出目前通泰方言的吴语特征正在一步步消失,或许等到通泰方言入声舒化,假声消失,跟官话越来越接近时,就可能再也看不到吴语的痕迹了。我们对边界方言提出一个'边缘方言'以及按偏离程度分级的概念。在吴语所谓边界带上有三级“边缘吴语”存在:一级边缘吴语的宣州片、二级边缘吴语的处衢龙游小片,以及三级边缘吴语的通泰方言。三级边缘的方言在语音上还保留着一些吴语具有、但官话不具备的重要特征,但在其他方面,尤其是语言心理方面有了新的归属。当这些重要的吴语特征消失后,那么和吴语就完全脱离关系了。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the core representative points and marginal points of each dialect film in Jianghuai dialect in Jiangsu Province are selected for recording investigation. Among them, the Yangzhou, Huaian, Lianyungang, Yancheng, Yangzhou, Huaian, Lianyungang, Yancheng, Yangzhou, Yancheng, Yangzhou, Huaian, Lianyungang, Yancheng, Yangzhou, Huaian, Lianyungang, Jianghuai official dialect Hongchao Nanking two dialect points: Nanjing, Lishui, Jianghuai Mandarin Tongtai six dialect points: Taizhou, Nantong, Taixing, Xinghua, Dafeng, Rudong, a total of 12 dialect points. Based on the field recording of dialect points, the experimental data are analyzed and arranged, the tone system of dialect is described in acoustics and audition, and the special phonation state of each dialect spot is studied. Based on the theory of tone typology, the typology of the region is located. A new zoning scheme is proposed to identify a 'marginal Wu dialect' area and redefine the dialect ownership in the marginal area. Through the recording investigation of Hongchao and Tongtai films in Jianghuai Mandarin, we find that it is the pattern strategy of most Chinese dialects to make full use of arch to distinguish different tones. Hongchao film is mainly composed of 5 tones, and Tongtai film is mainly composed of 6 and 7 tones. These dialect points are removed from the entering sound, and the tone types are basically Chang-four or Chang four-mode plus a descending or concave. Even though some dialects such as Xinghua and Lianyungang have special phonetic states, in general, the Jianghuai Mandarin still uses arches to distinguish different tone types. In the aspect of special vocal state, there are falsetto, creak and so on in Jianghuai Mandarin in Jiangsu province. Among the dialects we investigated, there are four regional tone systems with special phonetic states, of which one is Hongcao (Lianyungang, three Tongtai) (Xinghua, Dafeng and Nantong urban areas). Tone domain (phonation state) is one of the important parameters in the description of tone. According to the characteristics of phonetic state, the tone can be divided into upper domain, constant field and lower domain. The special phonetic state in Jianghuai Mandarin in Jiangsu Province provides a new angle for us to describe the pattern of dialect tone in the course of our study of dialect tone. In Jiangsu province, the tone type of Jiang-Huai dialect still exists, the throat stop-tail is well preserved in most areas, the neologism has fallen off in some areas, and in some areas, it has completely fallen off in some areas. At present, in our investigation results, in addition to Nanjing and Lianyungang, other dialect spots and throat plugs are relatively well preserved, and the young people in Tongtai Ping-Rudong area, Qiaogang Town and Hekou Town have partially dropped off their throat plugs. The time is long, other area throat plug tail also maintains basically good. In the previous dialect investigation, we found that Tongtai dialect is close to Wu dialect in tone and phonation. The tone is mainly 6 and 7, and the north of Xinghua, Dafeng. Dongtai and other places have the upper domain defined by false sound and the low area defined by creak sound. From the dialect situation in Rudong County, we can also see that the characteristics of Wu dialect in Tongtai dialect are disappearing step by step at present. Perhaps it will be until Tongtai dialect becomes more relaxed and falsetto disappear. As you get closer to the Mandarin, you may never see the vestige of Wu any more. We propose a concept of 'marginal dialect' and its classification according to the degree of deviation. There are three levels of "marginal Wu" in the so-called boundary belt of Wu dialect: the Xuanzhou film of the first-level marginal Wu dialect, the Xiaobian of Qu-qu Longyou of the second-level marginal Wu dialect, and the Tongtai dialect of the third-level marginal Wu dialect. The dialect at the edge of three levels still retains some important features of Wu dialect in pronunciation, but the Mandarin dialect does not have important characteristics, but it has new attribution in other aspects, especially in the psychological aspect of language. When these important features of the Wu language disappear, then it is completely divorced from the Wu dialect.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H172.4

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