泛义动词“做”、“干”、“搞”、“弄”的比较研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 02:45

本文选题：做 + 干　；参考：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在现代汉语中,“做”、“干”、“搞”、“弄”是四个使用频率很高的典型性泛义动词。本文以四者为研究对象,采取个案分析和宏观总结的方式,分别从句法、语义、语用三个平面对其进行描写和比较,探析它们在实际使用中所表现出来的联系和区别,以服务于现代汉语泛义动词的本体研究和对外汉语教学。在句法平面,“做”、“干”、“搞”、“弄”具有相似的语法特征和句法分布环境,均有替代实义动词的功能。相较而言,“做”和“干”、“搞”和“弄”分别具有更高的相似度。“做”倾向于带宾语;“干”更侧重于独立作谓语,动作性强;“搞”的句法搭配能力和替代能力最强,宾语语义最不受限制;“弄”后跟结果补语和状态补语的比例很高。它们替代实义动词的范围各有偏重,替代能力从高到低为“搞”、“做”、“弄”、“干”。在语义平面,“做”、“干”、“搞”、“弄”在义项分类上有交叉,存在一些共同的义项范围;但是相同的义项,在语义指向、宾语范围等方面仍有不同的侧重。“搞”的词义最为丰富,其次是“做”,再次是“弄”和“干”。它们含有一些共有的语义特征,如[+动作]、[+及物]、[+自主]、[+持续]。但是伴随着在句中所作成分及句法搭配的区别,在泛义化的基础上,又有各自较为显著、区别于其他泛义动词的语义特征。在语用平面,就语体分布来讲,四个泛义动词书面语色彩的强弱从高到低为“做”、“搞”、“干”、“弄”。“做” 一般用作书面用语,较正式;“弄”的口语色彩非常强烈。就感情色彩来讲,“做”多为中性,“干”有褒有贬,“搞”以贬义和中性为主,贬义色彩较重,“弄”的贬义色彩很浓。就地域色彩来讲,“弄”和“干”是北方方言,其中“弄”多用于中原地区;“搞”的书面语色彩渐浓,但在地域上仍然偏向于南方地区使用;“做”已然没有地域性特征。
[Abstract]:In modern Chinese, "do", "get" and "long" are four typical universal verbs that are frequently used. Taking the four as the object of study, this paper uses the method of case analysis and macroscopic summary to describe and compare them from the three planes of syntax, semantics and pragmatics, and analyzes their relations and differences in practical use. In order to serve the Noumenon of modern Chinese universal verbs and teaching Chinese as a foreign language. In syntactic plane, "do", "do" and "Nong" have similar grammatical characteristics and syntactic distribution environment. By contrast, "do" and "do", "do" and "get" have higher similarity respectively. "do" tends to have object; "Gan" is more focused on independent predicate and strong action; "do" has the strongest ability of syntactic collocation and substitution, and the semantic meaning of object is the least restricted; "Nong" followed by result complement and state complement has a high proportion. The range of their substitutions is different, and the substitution ability is from high to low to doing, doing and doing. In the semantic plane, "do", "get" and "get" have some common meaning scope, but the same meaning still has different emphases in semantic direction, object scope and so on. The word "get" has the most abundant meaning, followed by "do", again "get" and "dry". They contain some common semantic features, such as action, transitivity, autonomy, and persistence. However, along with the differences between the components and syntactic collocations in sentences, there are significant differences between them on the basis of generalization, which are different from the semantic features of other universal verbs. On the pragmatic plane, in terms of style distribution, the color of the four universal verb written words is from high to low for "doing", "doing" and "making". "do" is generally used in writing, more formal; "Nong" very strong colloquial color. In terms of emotional color, "do" is mostly neutral, "dry" is positive and derogatory, "do" is mainly derogatory and neutral, derogatory color is heavy, and "get" is very derogatory. In terms of regional color, "Nong" and "Gan" are northern dialects, in which "Nong" is mostly used in the Central Plains, and the written language of "Dao" is becoming more and more colorful, but still tends to be used in the southern region, and "do" has no regional characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H195

【参考文献】