“周诰殷盘”是如何炼成的

发布时间：2018-06-08 02:08

本文选题：《尚书》 + 词语　；参考：《中山大学学报(社会科学版)》2017年01期

【摘要】：《尚书》语言佶屈聱牙,主要有四个原因:一是词语古老。这些词语不是来自殷商方言或岐周方言,而是一批比"文言"形态更早的书面词语。二是史官抢记导致语句成分被浓缩或被省略。由于记录速度赶不上说话速度,因此商周史官在记录王侯谈话时只能通过浓缩文句、捕捉关键词语等方法来抢记,然后直接将未经整理的记录手稿作为文诰发布,由此造成似通非通、佶屈聱牙的语言效果。三是商周时期尚未形成约定俗成的语言文字运用规范,导致商周史官大量使用与本字形近、音近的通假字和假借字。四是《尚书》问世之后,经过数千年辗转传抄,出现不少脱简、增窜、讹误、错漏现象,其间汉字字体又经历了籀文、大篆、小篆、隶书、楷书的数次变化,《尚书》今古文经学在文字上互有差异,唐代卫包改古文《尚书》从今文,这些因素都不同程度地影响了《尚书》语言,从而增加了阅读的难度。
[Abstract]:There are mainly four reasons why the language is awkward: first, the words are old. These words come not from Yin Shang dialect or Qizhou dialect, but from written words earlier than classical Chinese. Second, the historian notes the sentence components are condensed or omitted. Because the record speed was not able to keep pace with the speaking speed, when recording the conversation between the princes and princes, the historical officials of the Shang and Zhou dynasties could only use condensed sentences, capture key words and other methods to seize the records, and then directly publish the unsorted recorded manuscripts as the Letters Patent. This results in the language effect of clumsy and clumsy. Third, the Shang and Zhou dynasties have not yet formed the established language and characters, leading to a large number of Shang and Zhou historians use close to this form, close to the phonetic characters and false loan characters. Fourth, after the publication of the book of Shang Shu, after thousands of years of tossing and copying, there appeared many phenomena of abridgement, increase and channeling, error and omission. During the period, the Chinese characters also experienced the phenomenon of writing, big seal, small seal, and official script. Several changes in regular script, "Shangshu" and "Shang Shu" in the study of ancient Chinese classics are different from each other in writing. These factors have affected the language of Shangshu to some extent, thus increasing the difficulty of reading.
【作者单位】：广东外语外贸大学中国语言文化学院;
【分类号】：H131

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