类比推理视域下的词义扩展理据探析

发布时间：2018-06-08 02:33

  本文选题：属性类比 + 关系类比　； 参考：《浙江社会科学》2017年03期

【摘要】：类比推理作为人类最基本的思维模式,是隐喻、转喻等认知机制实现的逻辑思维基础,对词义扩展起到了理据性作用。类比推理可以分为属性类比、关系类比、结构类比和扩张类比四种"型"式。属性类比是通过论域中事物属性的相似性进行的推理模式,推动着形容词或者含有形容词性语素的词进行意义扩展。依据关系类比扩展词义的大多为本义表示关系义的词语,所描述的关系往往由具体扩展为抽象。结构类比推理则多推动名词的词义扩展,词义由本义系统扩展到另一较为抽象的系统。这三类类比推理模式都是隐喻认知的深层思维模式。而汉语中通过转喻认知扩展语义的词汇,大多都是扩张类比推理的结果。由此看来,类比推理是词义扩展最根本的思维理据。
[Abstract]:Analogical reasoning, as the most basic mode of human thinking, is the logical thinking basis of cognitive mechanisms such as metaphor and metonymy, and plays an important role in the expansion of word meaning. Analogical reasoning can be divided into four types: attribute analogy, relational analogy, structural analogy and extended analogy. Attribute analogy is a reasoning model based on the similarity of attributes of things in the domain, which promotes the extension of the meaning of adjectives or words containing adjective morphemes. Most of the words that extend the meaning according to the analogy of relation are the words that express the meaning of the relation, and the relation described is often extended from concrete to abstract. Structural analogical reasoning promotes the extension of the meaning of nouns, which extends from the semantic system to another more abstract system. These three kinds of analogical reasoning models are deep thinking modes of metaphorical cognition. In Chinese, most of the words that extend semantics through metonymy are the result of extended analogical reasoning. From this point of view, analogical reasoning is the most fundamental thinking motivation for the extension of word meaning.
【作者单位】： 浙江传媒学院;浙江大学;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大招标项目“基于逻辑视域的认知研究”(11&ZD088)的系列成果 浙江传媒学院青年教师科研提升计划项目“基于语用论辩理论的美国总统竞选辩论之话语分析”(ZC16XJ029)研究成果
【分类号】：H13
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本文编号：1994021