基于ERPs的汉语转喻在识解过程中的性别差异研究

发布时间：2018-06-10 19:02

本文选题：汉语转喻 + 识解机制　；参考：《四川外国语大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：转喻是我们日常生活中常见的一种修辞手段,很多学者都从不同的角度对其进行了研究,如修辞学、文体学、语言学等。认知语言学的发展为转喻的研究提供了新的方向,转喻不再被认为是一种传统的修辞格,而是一种认知工具和思维方式。对转喻的研究,理论层面主要探索它的本质、运作机制以及与隐喻的关系等,而实证层面主要运用事件相关电位(ERPs)、功能性磁共振成像(fMRI)和眼动(eye-tracking)等技术来对此进行更深入的研究。廖巧云(2015)提出了“内涵外延关联传承模型”,这一理论模型为汉语语义修辞识解机制的研究提供了理论依据。在这个理论的基础上,本实验选取18名(9男9女)四川外国语大学英语专业的研究生为被试,采用ERPs技术探索男女在汉语转喻识解的过程中是否存在差异。虽然很多行为实验对不同性别在加工语言时存在的差异进行了探讨,但还未发现有学者以汉语转喻为实验材料并且从电生理学的角度来研究语言加工的性别差异。本研究完成于四川外国语大学外语学习认知神经实验室。实验材料包括语境句、关键句(直义句、转喻句或无关句)、探测词和陈述句。首先依次向被试呈现语境句、关键句和探测词,然后被试判断探测词的真假并作出按键反应,最后呈现陈述句,被试判断和前面话语的意思是否相符。实验使用E-prime2.0软件编程,脑电数据通过Neuroscan4.5记录、采集并进行离线分析,然后将结果输入SPSS16.0进行统计分析。实验结果如下:(1)对女性而言,探测词所诱发的P200波幅在转喻句条件下比在直义句条件下更小且差异显著[t(7)=-2.253,p=.027.05];N400波幅在转喻句条件下更大且存在边缘性差异[t(7)=-.512,p=.071.1]。(2)对男性而言,探测词所诱发的N100波幅在转喻句条件下比在直义句条件下更小且差异显著[t(7)=2.363,p=.02.05];P200波幅在转喻句条件下更大且存在边缘性差异[t(7)=1.764,p=.081.1];N400波幅在转喻句条件下更小并且差异非常显著[t(7)=3.235,p=.002.05]。(3)男女在识解加工汉语转喻句时,探测词在转喻句条件下诱发的P200效应波幅分别为4.77μV和3.29μV,男性比女性诱发更大的P200波幅,且性别效应显著[t(14)=2.495,p=.014.05];探测词在转喻句条件下诱发的N400效应波幅分别为-2.26μV和-4.64μV,女性比男性诱发更大的N400波幅,且性别效应非常显著[t(14)=4.032,p=.000.05]。通过实验,本研究得出以下结论:(1)男女内部对比结果表明女性在加工汉语转喻句时比加工直义句时付出更多的选择性注意资源并且直义句对探测词的理解促进作用更大,而男性在加工汉语转喻句时比加工直义句时付出更少的注意资源并且转喻句对探测词的理解促进作用更大。(2)男女间对比结果表明在识解加工汉语转喻句时,女性比男性付出更多的选择性注意资源并且转喻句在男性中比在女性中对探测词的理解促进作用更大。此外,女性在可能性特征提取的过程中进行更深层次的语义分析。而男女在直义句和无关句条件下无显著差异。本研究的结果证明男女在汉语转喻识解中存在一定的差异,并且支持“加工水平”理论框架,具有一定的理论意义。
[Abstract]:Metonymy is a common rhetorical device in our daily life. Many scholars have studied it from different angles, such as rhetoric, stylistics, linguistics and so on. The development of cognitive linguistics provides a new direction for metonymy research. Metonymy is no longer considered a traditional figure of speech, but a cognitive tool and a thinking side. In the study of metonymy, the theoretical level mainly explores its nature, operating mechanism and the relationship with metaphor, while the empirical level mainly uses ERPs, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and eye movement (eye-tracking) to further study it. Liao Qiaoyun (2015) proposed the "connotation extension Association inheritance". This theoretical model provides a theoretical basis for the study of the mechanism of Chinese semantic rhetorical recognition. On the basis of this theory, 18 (9 men and 9 women) graduate students of Sichuan foreign language university are selected as subjects, and the difference between men and women in the process of Chinese metonymy is explored by ERPs Technology. Behavioral experiments are conducted to explore the differences between different sexes in processing language. However, no scholars have been found to use Chinese metonymy as an experimental material and to study the gender differences in language processing from the perspective of electrophysiology. This study was completed in the laboratory of recognition of foreign language learning in Sichuan foreign language university. Key sentences (direct sentences, metonymy sentences or irrelevant sentences), detection words and declarative sentences. First, they present contextual sentences, key sentences and detection words to the subjects, then the subjects judge the truth and false of the detection words and make key reactions, and finally present declarative sentences, and the subjects judge whether the meaning of the words in front is consistent. The experiment uses E-prime2.0 software programming, the number of brain electricity. According to the Neuroscan4.5 records, the results are collected and off-line analyzed, and then the results are entered into SPSS16.0 for statistical analysis. The experimental results are as follows: (1) for women, the P200 wave amplitude induced by the probe is smaller and significantly different than in the synonym condition under the condition of the synonym condition and the difference is significantly [t (7) =-2.253, p=.027.05]; N400 wave amplitude is more in the metonymy sentence condition. There is a large and marginal difference [t (7) =-.512, p=.071.1]. (2) for men, the N100 wave amplitude induced by the detection word is smaller and significantly different than in the synonymous sentence conditions under the condition of the synonym condition, and the difference is significantly [t (7) =2.363, p=.02.05]; P200 wave amplitude is larger and there is a marginal difference in the metonymy condition, [t (7) =1.764, p=.081.1]; N400 amplitude is in the metonymy condition Lower and distinct difference is very significant [t (7) =3.235, p=.002.05]. (3) men and women, when construed to process Chinese metonymy sentences, the amplitude of the P200 effect induced by the detection words under the metonymy condition is 4.77 mu V and 3.29 mu V respectively, and the male induces a greater P200 amplitude than the female, and the gender effect is [t (14) =2.495, p=.014.05], and the detection word is under the metonymy condition. The amplitude of the induced N400 effect was -2.26 V and -4.64 mu V respectively, and the female induced a greater N400 amplitude than the male, and the gender effect was very significant [t (14) =4.032, and p=.000.05]. passed the experiment. The results of this study were as follows: (1) the contrast results between men and women showed that women were more selective in processing Chinese metonymy sentences than processing direct meaning sentences. Pay attention to resources and direct meaning sentences play a greater role in understanding the understanding of the detection words, while men pay less attention to the metonymy sentences when processing Chinese metonymy and the metonymy sentence plays a greater role in promoting the understanding of the detection words. (2) the contrast results between men and women show that women pay more than men when recognizing Chinese metonymy sentences. The selective attention resource and the metonymy play a greater role in the understanding of the detection words than in the female. In addition, women carry out deeper semantic analysis in the process of extracting the possibility characteristics. There is no significant difference between men and women under the conditions of direct and unrelated sentences. The results of this study prove that men and women are understood in Chinese metonymy understanding. There are certain differences and support the theoretical framework of "processing level", which is of theoretical significance.
【学位授予单位】：四川外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H15

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