现代汉语“可”研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 01:14

本文选题：现代汉语可 + 句法　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代汉语"可"极为活跃,句法功能强大,构词功能复杂,还运用于多种固定格式中,但是前人的研究重句法轻词法、重副词而轻其他。语言的各个部分是彼此相关的,句法和词法相连,共时与历时交织,只有把各个方面结合起来,才能了解语言的全貌,加深对各个部分的认识。为了完整地呈现现代汉语"可"的语法面貌,笔者全面地考察了现代汉语"可"的句法和词法功能,并简述了其历时演变过程以加深理解。本文包括绪论、正文和结语三部分,正文又分为三章。绪论主要介绍研究对象、研究现状、研究意义以及理论方法和语料出处。第一章:现代汉语"可"的句法研究。我们对国家语委语料库的现代汉语语料进行了穷尽式考察,以词性和意义为标准,对现代汉语"可"的句法功能进行了分类研究,并论述了相关词语的引申演变问题、命名问题及发展问题。研究表明现代汉语"可"共有动词、形容词、助动词、副词和连词五种词性,并且有些词性还包含多个意义。其中,形容词"可"比较特殊,它只能作定语,限定说明其后的地点名词,并不像一般的形容词那样能在句中充当谓语或谓语中心语,但是它与其他词性的差距更大,如果一定要归类的话,还是形容词最合适。所以本文将其暂列为形容词。第二章:现代汉语"可"的词法研究。我们主要以《现代汉语词典》(第六版)和《倒序现代汉语词典》(1986年版)为排查范围,对现代汉语中包含语素"可"的63个词语进行了考察,着重分析了其结构方式和来源,并且在详述词根、词缀和类词缀的联系和区别的基础上,考察了语素"可"的构词地位。研究表明,现代汉语中,"可"能分为动词性语素、助动词性语素和副词性语素三种,并且有些词语语素"可"已经虚化为类词缀和词缀。第三章:"可"的语法面貌和演化关系。本章首先总结了现代汉语"可"的语法面貌,然后在参考相关研究的基础上,结合自己观点,梳理了现代汉语"可"的演化过程。"可"的本义是动词,其演化过程大体能用两条线表示:一条是"动词→助动词→副词→连词",另→条是"助动词→动词→形容词"。前面一条线,词汇成分不断减少,语法成分不断增加,是一个不断虚化的过程;而后面的一条线,由助动词到动词、形容词,则是一个逐渐实化的过程。"可"的演化过程中,词义的泛化、功能的分化和词语对语境义的吸收等起了重要作用。结语部分总结了本文的研究成果和不足。
[Abstract]:In modern Chinese, "can" is very active, its syntactic function is powerful, its word-formation function is complex, and it is also used in many fixed formats. However, previous studies put more emphasis on syntax than on lexical form, emphasizing adverbs rather than others. Each part of the language is related to each other, syntactic and lexical, synchronic and diachronic. Only by combining all aspects, can we understand the whole picture of the language and deepen our understanding of each part. In order to present the grammatical features of "can" in modern Chinese, the author has comprehensively investigated the syntactic and lexical functions of "can" in modern Chinese, and briefly described its diachronic evolution process in order to deepen the understanding. This article includes the introduction, the text and the conclusion three parts, the text is divided into three chapters. The introduction mainly introduces the research object, the research present situation, the research significance, the theory method and the corpus origin. Chapter one: the syntactic research of "can" in modern Chinese. This paper makes an exhaustive study of the modern Chinese corpus of the State language Committee, classifies the syntactic functions of "can" in modern Chinese according to the standards of part of speech and meaning, and discusses the extension and evolution of relevant words. Naming and Development issues. The research shows that there are five parts of speech in modern Chinese, such as verbs, adjectives, auxiliary verbs, adverbs and conjunctions, and some parts of speech also contain multiple meanings. Among them, the adjective "can" is quite special. It can only be used as an attributive and can define the place noun after it. It does not act as a predicate or predicate head in a sentence like an ordinary adjective, but it is more different from other parts of speech. If you have to categorize, adjectives are the most appropriate. Therefore, this article lists it tentatively as an adjective. Chapter two: the lexical study of "can" in modern Chinese. Taking the Modern Chinese Dictionary (sixth Edition) and the inverted Modern Chinese Dictionary (1986 edition) as the scope of investigation, we have investigated 63 words which contain morpheme "can" in modern Chinese, and have emphatically analyzed their structure and source. On the basis of expounding the relation and difference of root, affix and affix, the position of morpheme "can" is investigated. The study shows that in modern Chinese, "can" can be divided into three types: verb morpheme, auxiliary verb morpheme and adverb morpheme, and some morphemes have become affixes and affixes. Chapter three: the grammatical appearance and evolutionary relationship of "can". This chapter first summarizes the grammatical features of "can" in modern Chinese, and then combs the evolution process of "can" in modern Chinese on the basis of reference to relevant studies and combining with one's own views. " The original meaning of "can" is a verb, and its evolution process can be expressed in two lines: one is "verb auxiliary verb" and the other is "auxiliary verb / adjective". The first line, the decreasing lexical element and the increasing grammatical element, is a process of untruth, while the latter line, from auxiliary verb to verb, adjective, is a gradual process of materialization. " In the evolution of "can", the generalization of word meaning, the differentiation of function and the absorption of contextual meaning play an important role. The conclusion summarizes the research achievements and shortcomings of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146

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