“《汉书》列传”被动句研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 20:11

本文选题：“《汉书》列传” + 被动句　；参考：《贵州师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：被动句在古代汉语的表达中占有重要地位。被动句的句法结构表现为动作的承受者在前,动作的发出者在后,并且能够在交际过程中使相应的成分得以凸显、强化,是一种重要的语言现象。早在《马氏文通》(1)中就已有相关解释。经过一个多世纪,被动句的研究成果已经形成了一个体系。本文就在这些研究的基础上,选取被动句研究较少的“《汉书》列传”作为研究对象,以三个平面的理论为研究指导,从共时的角度对“《汉书》列传”被动句的类型、构成成分、语义、语用等特征进行分析描述并力图找到内在的规律。全文分六个部分:一、引言。分别从历时和共时两个方面介绍了古代汉语被动句的研究现状,明确了被动句的概念以及相关分类;介绍了“《汉书》列传”的研究现状、版本选择、材料处理、研究价值和意义以及论文中运用到的相关语法理论和研究方法。二、被动句类型分析。对“《汉书》列传”被动句的句法结构进行分类解析,将其分为两类,分别是以“于、为、被、见”为标志的有标志被动句和以“可、足、得、当”为标志的被动句,并对此进行了被动句类型分析。三、被动句构成成分分析。从句法的角度将被动句切分出谓词性结构、受事主语、施事宾语三种句法成分,并对其构成特征进行分析总结,同时对于被动句中受事主语、施事宾语的省隐情况也进行了较为细致的归纳概述。四、被动句语义分析。对谓语动词的配价情况进行分析,“《汉书》列传”被动句中的谓语动词多为二价或三价动词,并且大多数含有[动作性],是动作动词。同时也对受事、施事的语义特征进行剖析梳理,认为“《汉书》列传”中充当受事主语、施事宾语的成分大多具有[有生命]、[定指]的特点。之后,在此基础上分别对二价动词和三价动词所形成的语义结构模式的进行了归纳,明确了“《汉书》列传”中被动句的基本语义结构模式。五、被动句语用分析。分别对有标志被动句“可、足、得、当”类被动句的语用色彩进行分析,认为“《汉书》列传”被动句中表示不幸的语用色彩占比较大,其次为表示中性的语用色彩,而表示幸运色彩的被动句在“《汉书》列传”中数量较少。六、结论。
[Abstract]:Passive sentences play an important role in the expression of ancient Chinese. It is an important linguistic phenomenon that the syntactic structure of passive sentences shows that the acceptor of the action is before, the issuer of the action is behind, and can highlight and strengthen the corresponding components in the process of communication. As early as in the "Ma Shi Wen Tong" 1) has been related to the explanation. After more than a century, the research results of passive sentences have formed a system. On the basis of these studies, this paper selects the passive sentence "Han Shu" as the research object, taking the theory of three planes as the research guide, and from the synchronic angle, analyzes the types of passive sentences in "Han Shu", "Biography of the Han Dynasty". Components, semantics, pragmatics and other characteristics are analyzed and described and try to find out the internal law. The full text is divided into six parts: first, introduction. This paper introduces the current research situation of passive sentences in ancient Chinese from diachronic and synchronic aspects, clarifies the concept and classification of passive sentences, and introduces the research status, edition selection, material processing of "Biography of Han Shu". The research value and significance as well as the relevant grammatical theories and research methods used in this paper. Second, the type analysis of passive sentence. In this paper, the syntactic structure of the passive sentences in the Biography of Han Dynasty is classified and analyzed, and they are divided into two categories: marked passive sentences marked by "Yu, for, be, see" and passive sentences marked "can, sufficient, get, when". The passive sentence types are analyzed. Third, the composition analysis of passive sentence. From the syntactic point of view, the passive sentence can be divided into three syntactic components: predicate structure, subject, agent object, and its constituent features are analyzed and summarized, and at the same time, the subject in passive sentence is analyzed and summarized. The implicit situation of the agent object is also summarized in detail. Fourth, the semantic analysis of passive sentences. This paper analyzes the valency of predicate verbs. The predicate verbs in the passive sentences are mostly bivalent or trivalent verbs, and most of them are action verbs. At the same time, it also analyzes the semantic characteristics of the agent, and holds that the subject of the subject in the Biography of Han Dynasty is the subject of the subject, and most of the components of the agent object have the characteristics of "living" and "definite reference". On this basis, the semantic structure patterns of bivalent verbs and trivalent verbs are summarized, and the basic semantic structure patterns of passive sentences in Biography of Han Dynasty are clarified. Fifth, pragmatic analysis of passive sentences. By analyzing the pragmatic color of the passive sentence with signs "can, enough, and when", it is concluded that the pragmatic color of the passive sentence in "Han Shu > Biography" is relatively large, followed by the neutral pragmatic color. The number of passive sentences indicating lucky color is less in Biography of Han Shu. VI. Conclusions
【学位授予单位】：贵州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H141

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