福州方言松紧韵母实验研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 15:42

本文选题：福州方言 + 松紧韵母　；参考：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：福州方言属于闽东方言侯官片,拥有完整的成对相配的松紧韵母。本文主要采用声学实验与生理实验的方法研究福州方言松紧韵母的声学表现及生理特征,并与音系学相结合重拟福州方言韵母系统,探讨松紧韵母的判断依据。本项实验研究首先将45对松紧韵母按韵母特点分为7类,从元音系统出发,通过Praat软件提取元音的F1、F2数据,绘制各元音声学元音图,总结每个元音的声学空间分布规律,对比松紧韵母元音系统,初步得出结论:整体而言福州方言松韵母元音比紧韵母元音舌位更低更后些,松韵母是由紧韵母低化复化形成的,他们之间存在低化链变的过程,但也有例外,如低元音a在元音系统中无法再低化。通过共振峰模式与时长,深入研究了松紧韵母结构中的动态元音,解析了韵母内部的时长结构。主要结论有:(1)除丙类松紧韵母有明显的音值差异外,大多数甲类与乙类中的松紧韵母音值差异不大,可拟定为同一韵母。但存在例外,如:元音o与(?)的音值存在差异;(2)阴声韵乙类与阳声韵甲类中的阳平调紧韵母,与松韵母有着极其相似的特征;(3)阴声韵乙类、阳声韵甲类与丙类中,松韵母韵尾所占时长比明显短于紧韵母;(4)福州方言韵母中有真性复合元音,如紧韵母[iu]、[ui]; (5)松紧韵母[iu]、[ui]的差别不在于二合元音与三合元音,主要在于内部时长比,松韵母尾元音所占时长比小于紧韵母。从发声类型看,福州方言韵母有正常嗓音、紧喉音、气嗓音,而松紧韵母间不存在发声类型的对立。但韵母前1/3段,紧韵母的开商值明显小于松韵母,可知起始阶段紧韵母的发声更紧些。本文综合实验结果探讨了福州方言松紧韵母的判断依据,列出特征判断矩阵:主特征为韵母前1/3段开商值与起始调值的高低,次特征为元音是否低化、复化,韵母时长,韵尾所占时长比。
[Abstract]:Fuzhou dialect belongs to Mindong dialect Hou Guan film, with a complete match of tight vowels. In this paper, acoustic experiments and physiological experiments are used to study the acoustic performance and physiological characteristics of the loosely compacted vowels in Fuzhou dialect, and combining with phonology to redraw the vowel system of Fuzhou dialect, the judgment basis of the loose-tight vowels is discussed. In this experiment, 45 pairs of compact vowels are divided into 7 categories according to the vowel characteristics. Based on the vowel system, the data of the vowel F1F _ 2 are extracted by Praat software, and the acoustic vowels of each vowel are plotted, and the acoustic spatial distribution of each vowel is summarized. Comparing with the vowel system of compact vowels, it is concluded that in general, the vowels in Fuzhou dialect are lower and later than the vowels of compact vowels, and the loose vowels are formed by the recombination of compact vowels, and there is a process of low chain change between them. There are exceptions, such as the low vowel a can no longer be lowered in the vowel system. In this paper, the dynamic vowels in the structure of compact vowels are studied by means of the resonance peak mode and the duration of the vowels, and the time-length structures inside the vowels are analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) except for the significant differences in the phonological values of the class C constrictive vowels, most of the vowels in category A and B have little difference and can be formulated as the same vowel. But there are exceptions, such as vowels o and (?) (2) the phonetic vowels of Yin rhyme B and Yang rhyme A have very similar characteristics with Matsu vowels, (3) Yin rhyme B, Yang rhyme A and C, (4) there are true compound vowels in the vowels of Fuzhou dialect, such as tight vowels [iu], [UI], (5) the differences between consonant vowels [iu], [UI] and [UI] do not lie in the dijoint vowels and triplet vowels, but mainly in the internal timespan ratio. The time ratio of the vowels of the loose vowels is less than that of the compact vowels. The vowel of Fuzhou dialect has normal voice, tight throat sound and air voice, but there is no opposition between loosening vowels. However, the opening quotient of compact vowel is obviously lower than that of loose vowel in the first 1 / 3 segment of vowel. Based on the experimental results, this paper discusses the judgment basis of the loose-tight vowel in Fuzhou dialect, and lists the characteristic judgment matrix: the main feature is the level of the opening quotient and the initial modulation value of the first 1 / 3 segment of the vowel, the secondary characteristic is whether the vowel is low, the repetition, the duration of the vowel, and the duration of the vowel. The ratio of the length of time to the end of the rhyme.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H177

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