汉语非宾格动词的题元结构及其句法表现

发布时间：2018-06-29 04:20

本文选题：非宾格假说 + 非宾格动词　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：自Perlmutter提出非宾格假说以来,众多学者纷纷将其应用于各种语言动词的研究中,而其中比较受关注的是对汉语动词的非宾格性研究,尤其是在汉语中出现的特殊句式,一直是学者们长期争论的话题。另外,之前的研究大多集中于对汉语一元非宾格动词的研究,而涉及到汉语二元、三元非宾格动词的研究却少之又少。本文旨在对汉语一元、二元和三元非宾格动词的句法表现和其论元的题元角色进行比较全面的分析,并将其涉及到的特殊句式的生成机制分别做一个解释。研究结果如下:首先,本文对汉语一元非宾格动词进行考察,其中包括非自主动词和状态动词。而非自主动词中又出现了领主属宾句、双主句和表示天气的句子。关于领主属宾句NP1+V+NP2,本研究认为句首的非论元名词组是基础生成的悬垂话题,动词后论元名词组的结构主格是由T与其建立的探针—目标一致关系所赋予的。对双主句NP1+NP2+V的分析,本文基于非宾格动词的增元结构,VP与新增论元之间可由轻动词APPLINVOLVE来表示语义关系。天气句子是一种显性非宾格现象,深层宾语既可前移也可留在原位。关于状态动词,本研究提出轻动词“OCCUR”,它选择句首的地点名词组为其论元并吸引了非宾格动词的前移。其次,对汉语二元非宾格动词进行了分析,包括心理动词、“形容词+化”动词以及动结式结构中的动结式复合动词。心理动词可分为EO和ES两类,通过分析得出EO属于[Causer V Experiencer]顺序,而ES属于[Experiencer V Theme]顺序。因此EO是非宾格动词。“形容词+化”动词的句法表现经分析可得出跟致使句式一致,都属于[x CAUSE[x BECOME(y)]]类型。关于动结式复合动词,本研究用轻形容词“a”和轻动词“BECOME-CAUSE”分别扩展AP和VP。最后,考察了汉语三元非宾格动词,其中最重要的是双宾语动词,主要包括“给予”类,“告知”类,“索取”类和“扔投”类动词。经研究发现,“给予”类、“告知”类和“扔投”类动词都属于非宾格动词,其中都包含了轻动词“CAUSE”和“HAVE”;而“索取”类动词属于非作格动词,它包含了轻动词“DO-TO”和“ACT”。本文对非宾格假说的研究具有理论指导意义。一方面丰富了非宾格假说的内容;另一方面为非宾格假说的成立提供了强有力的证据。
[Abstract]:Since Perlmutter put forward the unobjective hypothesis, many scholars have applied it to the study of various linguistic verbs, among which the research on the non-objectiveness of Chinese verbs, especially the special sentence patterns in Chinese, has attracted more attention. It has long been a subject of debate among scholars. In addition, most of the previous studies focused on the Chinese unobjective verbs, but involving Chinese duality, the study of ternary unobjective verbs is rare. The purpose of this paper is to make a comprehensive analysis of the syntactic expression and the role of the argument of the Chinese monadic, binary and ternary unobjectiable verbs, and to make an explanation of the generating mechanism of the special sentence patterns involved in them. The results are as follows: first of all, this paper investigates the Chinese unobjective verbs, including non-autonomous verbs and state verbs. But in the non-autonomous verb, the lord belongs to the object sentence, the double-subject sentence and the sentence representing the weather. With regard to NP1 V NP2, it is considered that the non-argument nomenclature at the beginning of the sentence is a drooping topic of basic generation, and the structural subjective case of the post-verb argument is given by the relationship between the probe and the objective established by T. Based on the analysis of NP1 NP2V, the semantic relationship can be expressed by the light verb APPLINVOLVE between the adjunct structure and the new argument of the non-objective verb. Weather sentence is a kind of explicit non-object phenomenon. Deep object can move forward or stay in position. In this study, the light verb "OCCUR" is proposed, which selects the place name phrase at the beginning of the sentence as its argument and attracts the forward movement of the non-object verb. Secondly, this paper analyzes the Chinese binary unobjective verbs, including psychological verbs, adjectivized verbs and verb-resultant compound verbs in the structure of verb-resultant. Psychological verbs can be divided into two categories: EO and es. It is concluded that EO belongs to [Causer V Experiencer] order, and es belongs to [Experiencer V theme] order. So EO is a non-object verb. The syntactic representation of adjectival verbs is consistent with the causative sentence and belongs to [x car [x BECOME (y)] type. In this study, we use the light adjective "a" and the light verb "BECOME-CAUSE" to extend AP and VPrespectively. In the end, the author examines the Chinese ternary unobjective verbs, the most important of which are double-object verbs, which mainly include "giving", "informing", "taking" and "throwing". It is found that the verbs of "giving", "informing" and "throwing" belong to the non-objective verbs, both of which contain the light verbs "car" and "have", while the "claim" verbs belong to the non-ergative verbs. It contains the light verbs do-TO and ACT. This paper is of theoretical significance for the study of the non-objective hypothesis. On the one hand, it enriches the content of the non-objective hypothesis; on the other hand, it provides strong evidence for the establishment of the non-objective hypothesis.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146.3

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