关于儿童请求类言语行为的个案研究

发布时间：2018-06-29 04:33

本文选题：言语行为 + 请求　；参考：《东北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着语用学和儿童话语能力研究的不断深入,儿童交际话语和语用能力也越来越引起学者们的重视。请求话语作为日常交际中具有代表性的言语行为也逐渐成为焦点。因此,对儿童请求类言语行为使用的分析具有一定的研究价值。本文在前人研究的基础上,从言语行为理论和儿童认知发展理论出发,对电视节目《爸爸去哪儿》中4-6岁孩子的请求类言语行为进行了较为详致的分析,以探索其特点和规律。研究发现,儿童在请求时运用的策略与儿童的认知能力、儿童认知发展阶段以及社会能力紧密相关。儿童言语行为和语用能力的研究有助于儿童语言发展,并对儿童语言教学和社交能力培养具有重要的实践意义。本文共分为五个章节。第一章阐述了研究背景、研究问题、研究意义以及文章结构。第二章梳理了国内外学者在言语行为理论,请求类言语行为和儿童请求类言语行为方面的主要研究脉络。第三章是理论基础,包含了言语行为理论,请求类言语行为,礼貌原则和皮亚杰的儿童认知发展理论。第四章是语料分析及探讨,选取电视节目《爸爸去哪儿》中一位4岁的孩子的话语作为语料来源,对其请求类言语行为进行了分析。基于王诗龄的话语,对其请求类言语行为和原因进行了分析和探讨。第五章是论文结论部分。作者通过分析发现,不同于成人,儿童的请求类言语行为倾向于使用陈述句来表达直接请求、疑问句来表达间接请求。并且儿童的非规约性间接请求需要听者根据具体情境进行解读。同时,儿童更愿意使用警示语来表达请求。当他们做出请求行为时,如成人一样,他们也会提供支持性言语并且运用礼貌原则。立足于皮亚杰的儿童发展理论,作者发现,自我中心主义、缺乏认知能力、以及社会与文化知识不足是儿童请求言语行为呈现突出特点的深层原因。这些发现可以帮助人们更好的了解儿童言语的使用,从而更好地与之交流。同时,这些发现对儿童语言能力和交际能力的培养有所指引。除此之外,本文启示家长与教育者寻找更好的方式帮助儿童正确使用语言准确并流利地表达自我。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of pragmatics and children's discourse competence, children's communicative discourse and pragmatic competence have attracted more and more attention. As a representative speech act in daily communication, request discourse has gradually become the focus. Therefore, the analysis of the use of children's speech acts of request has a certain value. On the basis of previous studies and from the theory of speech act and the theory of children's cognitive development, this paper makes a detailed analysis of the pleading speech acts of 4-6 year-old children in TV program where Dad goes, in order to explore its characteristics and rules. It is found that the strategies used by children at the time of request are closely related to their cognitive ability, the stage of their cognitive development and their social abilities. The study of children's speech act and pragmatic competence is helpful to the development of children's language, and also has important practical significance for the development of children's language teaching and social competence. This paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter elaborates the research background, the research question, the research significance and the article structure. The second chapter reviews the main research context of speech act theory, request speech act and children's request speech act at home and abroad. The third chapter is the theoretical basis, including speech act theory, request speech act, politeness principle and Piaget's theory of children's cognitive development. The fourth chapter analyzes the speech of a 4-year-old child in the TV program where Dad goes, and analyzes the speech acts of his request. Based on Wang's discourse, this paper analyzes and discusses the speech acts and causes of his requests. The fifth chapter is the conclusion of the paper. The author finds that, unlike adults, children tend to use declarative sentences to express direct requests and questions to express indirect requests. Moreover, children's non-statutory indirect requests need to be interpreted by the listeners according to the specific situation. At the same time, children prefer to use warning language to express their requests. When they make requests, like adults, they provide supportive language and apply politeness. Based on Piaget's theory of child development, the author finds that self-centeredness, lack of cognitive ability and lack of social and cultural knowledge are the underlying reasons for the prominent characteristics of children's speech acts of request. These findings can help people better understand and communicate with children's speech. At the same time, these findings have some guidance for the development of children's language competence and communicative competence. In addition, this paper enlightens parents and educators to find better ways to help children express themselves correctly and fluently.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H136

【参考文献】