汉语话题结构的分布表现

发布时间：2018-07-02 07:45

本文选题：口语 + 书面语　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文主要基于口语和书面语语料,考察汉语中有形式标记的话题结构的分布表现。文章首先基于前人研究界定了本文所研究的话题结构范围,并对话题结构做了更为详细具体的分类。本文也关注了以往研究较少或尚未关注的维度,比如话题的语类属性、话题的长度、话题句的语义类型、话题句在从属句中的表现等。文章发现,汉语口语和书面语中有标记话题结构具有如下一些共性:1)汉语中非论元式话题句分布广泛,多于论元式话题句;2)汉语的论元式话题句中,话题化结构多于失位结构,主语成分比宾语成分更易发生话题化和失位;3)汉语中最常用的话题标示手段是停顿;4)绝大多数的话题都是由名词短语充当;5)话题的长度大多在十个音节以内;6)话题句中,特指句多于通指句;7)句子话题链一般含有两个述语小句;8)多话题结构中多个话题的排列倾向是“非论元式话题论元式话题”。文章也发现口语和书面语中话题结构的一些差异:1)口语中话题句的使用频率高于书面语中话题句的使用频率,主要体现在口语中非论元式话题句多于书面语中的非论元式话题句;2)非论元式话题句中,口语中时地语域式话题句最多,远多于背景语域式话题句,而书面语中两者没有显著差别;3)口语中最常用的话题标记是提顿词,而书面语中最常用的话题标记是介词;4)书面语中的话题平均长度略长;5)口语中特指句的比例更高,谈话者更倾向于谈论特定事件;6)最后还发现了口语中一类特殊的话题结构——后置追补式话题结构。在语料观察的基础上,文章对汉语话题化的可及性表现等进行了讨论。文章语料显示,在话题化操作中,汉语主语比宾语更可及,符合名词短语可及性等级序列的预测;但在话题化策略上,主语比宾语更倾向于使用复指代词策略,与关系化操作中的表现不同。此外,文章结合语料中的例证讨论了汉语从属句(包括关系从句)中话题结构的表现。
[Abstract]:Based on the spoken and written corpus, this paper examines the distribution of formal tagged topic structures in Chinese. Firstly, based on the previous studies, this paper defines the scope of topic structure, and makes a more detailed classification of topic structure. This paper also focuses on the dimensions which have not been paid attention to in the past, such as the category of topic, the length of topic, the semantic type of topic sentence, the expression of topic sentence in subordinate sentence and so on. It is found that the marked topic structure in both spoken and written Chinese has the following commonalities: 1) Non-argument topic sentences are widely distributed in Chinese, more than meta-topic sentences (2) in Chinese, topicalization structures are more than dislocated ones. The subject component is more apt to topic and lose position than the object component (3) the most commonly used means of indicating the topic in Chinese is pauses. 4) most of the topics are covered by noun phrases) the length of the topic is mostly within 10 syllables. In general, the topic chain of a sentence contains two declarative clauses (8) the tendency of multiple topics in the multi-topic structure is "non-argumentative topic". Some differences in topic structure between spoken and written language are also found. (1) topic sentences are used more frequently in spoken English than in written ones. It is mainly reflected in non-argument topic sentences in spoken language more than non-argument topic sentences in written language (2) among non-argument topic sentences in spoken language, the topic sentences of temporal and geographical register are the most, and far more than those of background register topic sentences. However, there is no significant difference between the two in written language. 3) the most commonly used topic marker in spoken language is Teuton word, while the most commonly used topic marker in written language is preposition No. 4) the average length of topic in written language is slightly longer than that in written language (5) the proportion of special finger sentences in oral language is higher than that in written language. Finally, we found a kind of special topic structure in spoken language-postsupplementary topic structure. On the basis of corpus observation, this paper discusses the accessibility performance of Chinese topicalization. The corpus shows that Chinese subject is more accessible than object in topicalization operation, which accords with the prediction of noun phrase accessibility rank sequence, but in topicalization strategy, subject is more inclined to use complex pronoun strategy than object. It is different from the performance in the relational operation. In addition, this paper discusses the expression of topic structure in Chinese subordinate sentences (including relative clauses) with examples in the corpus.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146.3

【参考文献】