普通话不同语用功能疑问句的语调研究

发布时间：2018-07-02 15:20

本文选题：普通话 + 语调　；参考：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：语调是一种很重要的语音韵律特征,不同的语调特征可以表现不同的语用功能,这在人们的交际中发挥着很重要的作用。研究不同语用功能的陈述句和疑问句的语调特征不仅可以丰富我们对普通话语调规律的认识,还可以为计算机语音合成及汉语教学提供重要参考。本文将不同语用功能的疑问句分为三大类:一般性疑问句(Polarity question,简称 PQ),确认问句(Confirmation question,简称 CQ),信息问句(Information question)。一般性疑问句(PQ)进一步分为带疑问语气词“吗”的一般性疑问句(ma-particle polarity question,简称 PQ-ma)及一般性疑问语调问句(Intonation polarity question,简称PQ-Int)两小类。确认问句(CQ)细分为难以置信确认问句(Surprisingconfirmation question,简称 CQ-Sur)及中性确认问句(Neutral confirmation question,简称 CQ-Neu)两小类。信息问句(Information question)细分为特指问词在句首的信息问句(Information question with question word at the sentence-initial position,简称IQ )、特指问词在句中的信息问句。因研究需要,本文只对第一种信息问句IQ进行分析。本文还设计了三类不同语用功能的陈述句与疑问句进行对照,分别是焦点在句末的对比性焦点陈述句(Statement with corrective focus at the sentence-final position,简称St-CF-E)、焦点在句首的信息焦点陈述句(Statement with information focus at the sentence-initial position,简称 St-IF-B)、焦点在句末的信息焦点陈述句(Statement with information focus at the sentence-final position,简称 St-IF-E)。本文选取12名普通话水平为二级甲等的大学生作为发音人,语料采用语境诱导的方法设计和采集。本研究通过声学分析加以特征对比,主要考察不同语用功能的陈述句和疑问句的语调特征。研究结果发现:(1) CQ与PQ以及IQ相比,CQ的全句基频均值、末字基频均值最高,全句基频范围最宽。在全句基频斜率上,疑问句的语调均呈整体提升趋势。CQ-Sur的语调提升幅度较大,IQ的语调提升幅度较小;在末字时长、全句时长上,CQ、PQ以及IQ之间无显著性差异。(2) PQ-ma比PQ-Int的全句基频均值低,全句基频范围窄、末字时长短、全句时长短;但二者在全句基频斜率、末字基频均值上无显著差异。(3) CQ-Neu比CQ-Sur的末字基频均值低、末字时长短、全句时长短,但二者在全句基频均值、全句基频范围、全句基频斜率上无显著差异。(4)基本上,疑问句比陈述句的全句基频均值高、全句基频范围宽、末字基频均值高、末字时长长、全句时长短。从全句基频斜率上看,疑问句、陈述句(St-IF-B除外)的语调均呈整体提升趋势,St-IF-B的语调呈下倾趋势。疑问句(IQ除外)的语调提升幅度大于陈述句(St-CF-E、St-IF-E)的语调提升幅度;疑问句(IQ除外)的语调提升幅度大于St-IF-B的语调下倾幅度。IQ的语调提升幅度小于PQ、CQ、St-IF-E的语调提升幅度以及St-IF-B的语调下倾幅度。(5)由于受焦点后抑制(PFC)的影响,St-IF-B的全句基频均值低、全句基频范围宽、末字基频均值低,末字时长短、全句时长短。从全句基频斜率看,St-IF-B的语调下倾幅度较大。(6)末字基频均值受句类和末字调交互效应显著:当末字调起始音高为H时(T1、T4),各句类的差异显著,且差异特征与句类主效应的特征基本一致;当末字调起始音高为L时(T2、T3),各句类的差异几乎都不显著,这是因为高调比低调更容易表现出语调的差异。
[Abstract]:The tone is a very important feature of phonology , different tone characteristics can express different pragmatic functions , which plays a very important role in people ' s communication . The study of different pragmatic functions can not only enrich our understanding of Putonghua intonation , but also provide important reference for computer speech synthesis and Chinese teaching . This paper divides the interrogative sentences of different pragmatic functions into three major categories : general question sentence ( PQ ) , confirmation question ( Confirmation question ) , information question ( Information question ) . The main focus is the sentence with information focus at the sentence - initial position ( St - IF - B ) . The focus is at the end of the sentence - final position ( St - IF - E ) . In this paper , there is no significant difference in the tone of the whole sentence . ( 2 ) There is no significant difference between the whole sentence fundamental frequency mean value , the end word fundamental frequency range and the whole sentence base frequency range . ( 5 ) Due to the influence of focus - back suppression ( PFC ) , the full - sentence fundamental frequency of St - IF - B is low , the fundamental frequency range of the whole sentence is wide , the average frequency of the last word is low , the length of the last word is very low , the difference of each sentence is significant when the initial pitch of the last word is H ( T1 , T4 ) , and the difference of each sentence is almost not significant .
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H116.4

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