基于语音对比的芬兰汉语学习者语音调查研究

发布时间：2018-07-05 07:19

本文选题：语音对比 + 芬兰汉语学习者　；参考：《北京外国语大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文在对芬兰语和汉语进行语音对比的基础上,对五位芬兰语为母语的汉语学习者进行语音测试,调查研究其汉语语音情况,分析芬兰语为母语的学习者在汉语语音学习中所遇到的难点和问题,并结合研究结果对对芬汉语教学提出一定的建议。通过对学习者语音状况的调查研究,我们发现,他们存在如下问题：汉语韵母方面：将部分单韵母发成读音与之相似而存在差异的芬兰语元音；对舌尖前不圆唇元音i/η/和舌尖后不圆唇元音i/(?)/的发音部位、发音方法和声母搭配规则掌握不牢；复韵母发音时内部元音音素界线太过分明、整体感不足；将部分后鼻音韵母读成前鼻音韵母。汉语声母方面：送气-不送气音的区分；舌尖后音的发音及舌尖后音与舌面音的区分；将舌面音x/(?)/发得近似于舌尖前音s/s/;将汉语的舌根清擦音h/x/发成芬兰语的清喉音h/h/。汉语音节、词重音方面：习惯于将词重音全都落在第一个音节上,对汉语双音节词、多音节词的重音规则不甚了解；对汉语轻声的掌握严重不足；倾向于将汉语每个音节的音长都发得几乎相等。汉语声调方面：阴平发音时调值不够高,上声发音时升调幅度不足,去声发音时降调幅度不足；倾向于把汉语词汇的第一个音节读成阴平。汉语语调方面：对汉语句重音和语法成分的关系不够敏感,倾向于把句重音落在第一个词上；对汉语音步特征的双音节化倾向和汉语句调的变化情况也不甚了解,其中介语语音面貌无法达到汉语在节律上参差不齐、抑扬顿挫、徐疾有致的效果,而更接近于芬兰语节奏感鲜明但缺少变化、较为沉闷的听感特征。
[Abstract]:On the basis of phonetic comparison between Finnish and Chinese, this paper conducts phonological tests on five native speakers of Finnish Chinese, and investigates the situation of their Chinese pronunciation. This paper analyzes the difficulties and problems encountered by Finnish native language learners in Chinese phonetic learning, and puts forward some suggestions for Finn Chinese teaching combined with the results of the study. Through the investigation and study of the learners' phonetic status, we find that they have the following problems: Chinese vowels: some of the single vowels are uttered into Finnish vowels which are similar in pronunciation; The pronunciation position of the vowel I / 畏 / and the vowel I / (?) / after the tip of the tongue, the pronunciation method and the consonant collocation rules are not well grasped, the boundary of the internal vowel element is too clear and the whole feeling is not enough when the vowel is not rounded in front of the tongue tip, and the vowel sound I / (?) / is not round at the back of the tongue tip. Pronounce part of the nasal vowel as the antecedent nasal vowel. In Chinese consonant aspect: the distinction between aspirated and non-aspirated sounds; the difference between the articulation of the back tone of the tip of the tongue and the sound of the back of the tip of the tongue and the difference between the articulation of the tip of the tongue and the tone of the tongue; the transmission of the tongue-surface sound x / (?) / is similar to that of the pre-tongue sound s / r; and the h/x/ of the Chinese tongue root purge is translated into the clear throat sound of the Finnish language, hr. Chinese syllable, word stress: the habit of placing all the word stress on the first syllable, not knowing the stress rules of Chinese disyllabic words, not knowing the stress rules of multi-syllable words; Tend to pronounce every syllable in Chinese almost equally. In the aspect of Chinese tone, the tone value is not high enough, the ascending amplitude is not enough when the tone is flat, the amplitude is not enough when the tone is removed, and the first syllable of Chinese vocabulary tends to be pronounced as shade and flat. In the aspect of Chinese intonation, the relation between Chinese sentence stress and grammatical elements is not sensitive enough, and the stress of sentence tends to fall on the first word, and the disyllabic tendency of Chinese phonetic step characteristics and the change of Chinese sentence tone are not well understood. The interlanguage phonetic features can not achieve the rhythm of the Chinese is uneven, cadence, Xu Ji has the effect, but more close to the Finnish rhythm distinct but lack of change, more boring listening characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H195.3

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