隐喻视角下法汉人体内脏词一词多义的对比研究

发布时间：2018-07-17 00:41

【摘要】：认知隐喻理论认为隐喻是人类共有的一种重要的认知机制,是思维的一种形式。《周易》云:“近取诸身,远取诸物”,原始人类在最初认识世界时,常采用人体化隐喻的方式来认识世界,这种思维特征表现在汉法两种语言中,就形成了人体隐喻范畴。人体构造先天是相同的,因而不同民族的人理应有相同的人体隐喻认知模式,汉法两种语言内脏器官词语的隐喻认知应当具有普遍性。但实际上,对事物之间相似性的理解与人们的认知结构有关,由于后天的文化、心理等诸多因素的影响,各民族的知识结构不一样,会导致隐喻认知的原始域和投射的目标域不同及联想方式的不同,因此,汉法两个民族在人体词的隐喻认知方面就会存在着差异性。正确理解这些人体词语的异同及产生原因有助于理解法汉两种语言在认知隐喻上的差异,帮助人们在跨文化交际中正常的选择词语,减少不必要的语言文化障碍。然而,在现有的研究中,对于法汉两种语言人体词汇隐喻认知系统的对比研究还是个空白。本文依托莱考夫的概念隐喻理论,以语言世界观的基本理论作为指导,采用应用对比语言学的一般研究方法,选取法、汉两种语言中的主要人体内脏器官词,从认知隐喻角度对其一词多义现象进行研究,主要采取归纳的方法,对比“心”、“肝”、“脾”、“肺”、“肾”等九个法汉人体内脏器官的一词多义现象。通过对比分析的方法,寻求其在隐喻认知机制方面(取象点数量特征及转义词义范畴分布)的异同,并力求找到造成异同的原因,希望能对法语与汉语的词汇教学、跨文化交际及翻译工作起到实践指导作用。
[Abstract]:Cognitive metaphor theory holds that metaphor is an important cognitive mechanism common to human beings and a form of thinking. Human metaphors are often used to understand the world. This thinking characteristic is manifested in Chinese and French and forms the category of human metaphors. The human body is naturally the same, so people of different nationalities should have the same cognitive mode of human body metaphor, and the metaphorical cognition of visceral organs in Chinese and French languages should be universal. But in fact, the understanding of similarity between things is related to people's cognitive structure. Due to the influence of culture, psychology and many other factors, the knowledge structure of different nationalities is different. It will lead to the difference of the original domain of metaphorical cognition, the target domain of projection and the way of association. Therefore, there will be differences in the metaphorical cognition of human body words between Chinese and French. A correct understanding of the similarities and differences of these human words and their causes is helpful to understand the differences in cognitive metaphors between French and Chinese languages, to help people choose words normally in cross-cultural communication, and to reduce unnecessary barriers to language and culture. However, in the present research, there is still a blank in the cognitive system of human lexical metaphor between French and Chinese. Based on Lakoff's Conceptual metaphor Theory and guided by the basic theory of linguistic worldview, this paper adopts the general research method of applied contrastive linguistics, the selection method, and the main human viscera words in both Chinese and Chinese languages. From the perspective of cognitive metaphor, the polysemous phenomenon of the term "heart", "liver", "spleen", "lung" and "kidney" in nine French and Chinese human visceral organs is studied, and the polysemous phenomenon of the word is compared with that of "heart", "liver", "spleen", "lung" and "kidney". By means of comparative analysis, this paper seeks to find the similarities and differences in the cognitive mechanism of metaphor (taking the quantitative characteristics of image points and the distribution of the category of the meaning of meaning), and tries to find out the causes of the similarities and differences, hoping to teach the vocabulary in French and Chinese. Cross-cultural communication and translation play a guiding role in practice.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H136;H32

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