《观世音应验记三种》复音词构词方式研究

发布时间：2018-07-18 08:46

【摘要】：汉语词汇的复音化现象是汉语史发展的一个重要趋势,在由单音节词为主向复音词为主的转变过程中,汉语在语义和构成方面不断进行自我完善。作为汉语史研究的基石,专书词汇研究通过对各时代语料中的复音词的构词方式进行剖析,通过历时比较,对复音化现象进行探讨,可以了解词汇系统发展的普遍性规律。与其他时期相比,中古时期的专书研究较为薄弱,这主要是由于长期的封建割据,战乱不断,较多的文献原著均已散佚,后人整理追撰流传后世的作品有的已失去古籍原貌,因此,新的、好的研究材料成为中古时期专书研究中至关重要的环节。《观世音应验记三种》是魏晋时期佛教盛行的产物,大概成书于公元420年到470年间,是由三位人士收集编撰的三种应验故事合集,能够完整、真实地反映当时社会的语言状况。因此,本文选择《观世音应验记三种》作为研究材料,一方面是在前人的基础上,对中古阶段涉猎较少的方面进行研究,另一方面也是对自我视野的拓展。本文共分为五个部分。第一部分是绪论,包括对本书内容、版本、作者、语料特点的介绍和国内外研究情况的介绍。同时,确立相应的复音词判定标准,以运用共时和历时相结合的方法“解剖麻雀”。第二部分是对合成词构词方式的研究,主要分为联合式、偏正式、支配式、补充式、表述式、附加式、重叠式、综合式八个部分,每一部分从语义构成和语素性质构成两方面进行分析。语义方面,依据《汉语大词典》中的解释、例句,找到该复音词的意义及源头,并分析各语素义及其相互关系;词性构成方面,以每个语素为单位,对其性质进行分类整理,探索构词方式的发展趋势。第三部分是对单纯词构词方式的研究,包括联绵词、叠音词两部分,在分析的基础上进行归纳,明确语音造词逐渐衰弱的深层原因。第四部分是对佛教复音词的研究。由于本书所涉及内容的特殊性和所处历史时期的重要性,我们将佛教词汇单独列出进行分析。从共时层面,对佛教词汇进行语义上的分类,从历时层面,对佛教词汇的来源进行了研究,指出佛教传入对汉语的重要影响。第五部分是文章的结语,主要是依据表格、数据等内容,分析一般复音词构词方式的历史演变情况,并对佛教复音词对汉语发展史的重要贡献进行总结,以呈现出该书复音词的全貌。
[Abstract]:The phenomenon of polyphonation of Chinese vocabulary is an important trend in the development of Chinese history. In the process of transition from monosyllabic word to polysyllabic word, Chinese has been improving itself in terms of semantics and composition. As the cornerstone of the study of Chinese history, the study on the vocabulary of special books analyzes the word-formation methods of polysyllabic words in the corpus of different times and, through diachronic comparison, probes into the phenomenon of polyphonation, so as to understand the universal law of the development of lexical system. Compared with other periods, the study of special books in the Middle Ancient period was relatively weak. This was mainly due to the long period of feudal separation, the continuous war, the loss of many original works, and the fact that some of the works that had been handed down and handed down by later generations had lost their original appearance of ancient books. Therefore, new and good research materials have become a crucial link in the study of the special books of the Middle Ancient period. [three kinds of Quan Shi-yin] are the products of the prevailing Buddhism in the Wei and Jin dynasties, which were probably written between 420 and 470 AD. It is a collection of three stories collected by three people, which can reflect the language situation of the society. Therefore, this paper chooses three kinds of Quan Shiyin as the research materials. On the one hand, it is based on the previous research, on the other hand, it is the development of self-vision. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part is the introduction, including the introduction of the content, edition, author, corpus characteristics and domestic and foreign research situation. At the same time, the standard of judging the polysyllabic words is established to explain the sparrow by the method of synchronic and diachronic. The second part is the research on the word formation of compound words, which is divided into eight parts: joint, partial formality, dominance, supplement, expression, addition, reduplication and synthesis. Each part is analyzed from two aspects: semantic constitution and morpheme composition. In terms of semantics, according to the explanations and examples in the Chinese Dictionary, we find out the meaning and source of the polysyllabic word, and analyze the meaning of each morpheme and its relationship with each other, and in the aspect of part of speech composition, we classify and sort out the properties of the polysyllabic word in terms of each morpheme. To explore the trend of word formation. The third part is the study of the word-formation method of simple words, including the combination of words, repetition words in two parts, on the basis of analysis, to identify the deep reasons for the gradual decline of phonetic words. The fourth part is the study of Buddhist polysyllabic words. Due to the particularity of the contents and the importance of the historical period, we analyze the Buddhist vocabulary separately. From the synchronic level, the semantic classification of Buddhist vocabulary, from the diachronic level, the study of the origin of Buddhist vocabulary, pointing out the important impact of Buddhism on Chinese. The fifth part is the conclusion of the article, mainly based on the table, data and other content, analyzes the historical evolution of the general complex word formation, and summarizes the important contribution of Buddhist polysyllabic words to the history of Chinese development. In order to present a comprehensive view of the book's polyphonic words.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H141

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