北京话双音节中响音鼻化度及其他声学特征的统计分析
发布时间：2018-07-21 09:19
【摘要】：本文以北京话双音节词作为基本研究对象,将双音节词分成六种组合形式,这六种组合形式中的元音、通音声母和鼻音韵尾即为本文的主要研究对象,并且从两方面对其进行考察。首先是运用鼻音计(Kay NasometerⅡ6400)考察六种组合方式中响音的鼻化度,其次是对六种组合方式中响音的声学特征进行分析,包括音长、音强以及共振峰,并进一步分析上述声学特征与鼻化度之间的关系。通过实验,得出的主要结论如下:1.双音节中响音鼻化度的规律(1)通音声母:双音节中通音声母的鼻化度较单音节中的有所提高,当前字为鼻音尾时,后字鼻音声母/m、n/和前字鼻尾的鼻化度曲线融为一体,时长增加,构成双鼻音。(2)鼻尾:双音节中鼻尾的鼻化度较单音节中的有所降低,和孤立音节相比鼻音韵尾在语流中弱化的倾向更为突出,前鼻尾/-n/鼻化度降低的幅度要大于后鼻尾/-?/,鼻音韵尾/-n/先于/-?/脱落。当后字为零声母元音尾时,前字鼻音韵尾最易与其前的元音融合成鼻化音,鼻化率最高。当后字为塞音、塞擦音时,鼻音韵尾的鼻化度与单字音中的较为接近,鼻尾基本没有出现弱化、鼻化现象。当后字为擦音时,前字鼻尾的弱化程度较高,在清声母中,擦音对降低前字鼻尾的影响最大。鼻音韵尾前接不同元音时鼻化度有所不同,在央低元音/a/后的鼻尾鼻化度最低,前高元音/i/后的鼻尾鼻化度最高,这与单字音中的鼻尾表现出了 一致的规律。(3)元音:当前、后字都为清辅音声母时,该组合中的元音鼻化度与单音节中的元音鼻化度相比,有提高的也对降低的,然而双音节中含有通音声母或鼻音韵尾时,这些组合中的元音由于受到较高鼻化度的通音声母和鼻音韵尾的影响,使它们的鼻化度有所提高。在同一双音节组合形式中,基本都表现为i、a的鼻化度最高,u、e的鼻化度最低,即舌位越前、越低则鼻化度越高;舌位越后、越高则鼻化度越低,这与单字音中的元音表现出了一致的规律。(4)性别因素对鼻化度的影响将北京话双音节中的响音鼻化度分开男女进行统计发现,女性的通音声母、鼻音韵尾、元音的鼻化度在总体上要高于男性,但通过独立样本T检验发现,性别因素在整体上对北京话响音鼻化度无显著影响。2.双音节中响音的时长、音强、共振峰与其鼻化度之间的关系通过Pearson相关性分析得出结论,双音节中鼻音韵尾的时长与其鼻化度之间存在相关性,鼻尾时长越长,鼻尾鼻化度越高;鼻尾时长越短,鼻尾鼻化度越低,正常、弱化、鼻化三种状态的鼻尾时长依次呈递减趋势。而通音声母和元音的时长与其鼻化度之间不存在相关性;双音节中响音的音强、共振峰与其鼻化度之间均不存在相关性。
[Abstract]:This paper takes the double syllable words of Beijing dialect as the basic research object, divides the double syllable words into six combination forms. The vowels, the vowels and the nasal consonants of the six combinations are the main objects of this paper, and they are investigated from two aspects. The first is to investigate the six combination methods using the nasal sylmeter (Kay Nasometer II 6400). The nasal degree of the sound, followed by the analysis of the acoustic characteristics of the sound in the six combinations, including the sound length, the intensity and the resonance peak, and further analysis the relationship between the acoustic characteristics and the nasal degree. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. the regularity of the loudness of the loudness in the double syllable (1) the phonetic initials: the medium of the double syllable. The nasal degree of the phonetic consonants is higher than that in the monosyllabic syllable. The current word is the end of the nasal sound, the posterior nasal consonant /m, the n/ and the nasal caudal curve of the anterior nasal tail are integrated, and the length increases, forming a double nasal sound. (2) the nose tail: the nasal tail in the double syllable is lower than that in the monosyllabic syllable, and the nasal consonant tail is weakened in the flow compared with the isolated syllable. The tendency of the nasal caudal /-n/ in the anterior nasal tail is greater than that of the rear nasal tail / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - /? / - / shedding. When the post is zero consonant vowel tail, the anterior nasal consonant is most easily fused with the former vowel, with the highest nasal rate. More close, the nasal tail basically has no weakening, nasal phenomenon. When the post is the fricative, the anterior nasal tail has a higher degree of weakening. In the consonant, the friction has the greatest influence on the reduction of the anterior nasal tail. The nasal inchemical degree is different when the nasal sound is followed by different vowels, and the nasal caudal nose after the central low /a/ is the lowest, and the front high vowel is after /i/. The nasal tail has the highest degree of nose, which is consistent with the nasal tail in the single word. (3) vowels: at present, when the post word is the consonant consonant, the vowel nasal information of the combination is improved and decreases compared to the vowel nasal degree in the monosyllabic. However, in the double syllable, the combination contains the consonant or nasal consonants in these combinations. In the same double syllable combination, the vowels are basically I, a has the highest nasal degree, u, and E has the lowest nasal degree, that is, the higher the tongue position, the higher the nasal inchemical degree; the higher the tongue position, the lower the nasal inchemical, which is with the monosyllabic tone. The vowels showed a consistent rule. (4) the influence of sex factors on the nasal inchemical degree of the Beijing dialect was found to separate the male and female in the double syllable. The female's voice consonant, the nasal consonant and the vowel's nasal degree were higher than men in general, but the gender factors were found on the whole of Beijing by the independent sample T test. There is no significant influence on the length of the loudness in the.2. double syllable, the relationship between the sound intensity, the resonance peak and the nasal degree of the syllable is found by the Pearson correlation analysis. The length of the nasal tails in the double syllable is related to the nasal degree, the longer the end of the nose, the higher the nasal caudal nose, the shorter the end of the nose, and the greater the nasal caudal nose. The lower, normal, weakening, and nasalized three states of the nasal tail were descending in turn, but there was no correlation between the length of the phonetic consonants and the length of vowels and their noses, and there was no correlation between the sound intensity, the resonance peak and the nasal degree of the sounding sound in the double syllable.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H172.1
本文编号：2135060
[Abstract]:This paper takes the double syllable words of Beijing dialect as the basic research object, divides the double syllable words into six combination forms. The vowels, the vowels and the nasal consonants of the six combinations are the main objects of this paper, and they are investigated from two aspects. The first is to investigate the six combination methods using the nasal sylmeter (Kay Nasometer II 6400). The nasal degree of the sound, followed by the analysis of the acoustic characteristics of the sound in the six combinations, including the sound length, the intensity and the resonance peak, and further analysis the relationship between the acoustic characteristics and the nasal degree. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. the regularity of the loudness of the loudness in the double syllable (1) the phonetic initials: the medium of the double syllable. The nasal degree of the phonetic consonants is higher than that in the monosyllabic syllable. The current word is the end of the nasal sound, the posterior nasal consonant /m, the n/ and the nasal caudal curve of the anterior nasal tail are integrated, and the length increases, forming a double nasal sound. (2) the nose tail: the nasal tail in the double syllable is lower than that in the monosyllabic syllable, and the nasal consonant tail is weakened in the flow compared with the isolated syllable. The tendency of the nasal caudal /-n/ in the anterior nasal tail is greater than that of the rear nasal tail / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - /? / - / shedding. When the post is zero consonant vowel tail, the anterior nasal consonant is most easily fused with the former vowel, with the highest nasal rate. More close, the nasal tail basically has no weakening, nasal phenomenon. When the post is the fricative, the anterior nasal tail has a higher degree of weakening. In the consonant, the friction has the greatest influence on the reduction of the anterior nasal tail. The nasal inchemical degree is different when the nasal sound is followed by different vowels, and the nasal caudal nose after the central low /a/ is the lowest, and the front high vowel is after /i/. The nasal tail has the highest degree of nose, which is consistent with the nasal tail in the single word. (3) vowels: at present, when the post word is the consonant consonant, the vowel nasal information of the combination is improved and decreases compared to the vowel nasal degree in the monosyllabic. However, in the double syllable, the combination contains the consonant or nasal consonants in these combinations. In the same double syllable combination, the vowels are basically I, a has the highest nasal degree, u, and E has the lowest nasal degree, that is, the higher the tongue position, the higher the nasal inchemical degree; the higher the tongue position, the lower the nasal inchemical, which is with the monosyllabic tone. The vowels showed a consistent rule. (4) the influence of sex factors on the nasal inchemical degree of the Beijing dialect was found to separate the male and female in the double syllable. The female's voice consonant, the nasal consonant and the vowel's nasal degree were higher than men in general, but the gender factors were found on the whole of Beijing by the independent sample T test. There is no significant influence on the length of the loudness in the.2. double syllable, the relationship between the sound intensity, the resonance peak and the nasal degree of the syllable is found by the Pearson correlation analysis. The length of the nasal tails in the double syllable is related to the nasal degree, the longer the end of the nose, the higher the nasal caudal nose, the shorter the end of the nose, and the greater the nasal caudal nose. The lower, normal, weakening, and nasalized three states of the nasal tail were descending in turn, but there was no correlation between the length of the phonetic consonants and the length of vowels and their noses, and there was no correlation between the sound intensity, the resonance peak and the nasal degree of the sounding sound in the double syllable.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H172.1
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