汉语单音节揣测类语气副词的历时考察

发布时间：2018-07-28 19:14

【摘要】：关于揣测类语气副词,目前没有专门论著对其进行明确界定。本文认为,揣测类语气副词表示说话者对命题做出的推理,是说话者对事件是否为真的推测。单音节揣测类语气副词主要是从语音上来说,指由一个音节构成的语言单位。全文共分为四章。第一章介绍了语气副词和揣测类语气副词的研究概况,并对本文的研究思路、语料来源以及研究方法和创新之处作出说明。第二章考察单音节揣测类语气副词的历史发展情况。根据说话者对命题确定程度的表达,本文把揣测类语气副词分为两类:必然类语气副词和或然类语气副词。我们对这两类词在上古汉语、中古汉语和近代汉语三个阶段的使用情况进行了定量统计,并探寻使用频率变化的原因。第三章选取"恐、虑、怕"、"断、判、绝"等两组演变路径较为特殊的代表性词语作为研究对象,重点考察和分析,寻找其中的语义演变规律。第四章对汉语单音节揣测类语气副词在不同阶段的继承和发展情况加以总结,概括两组代表性单音节揣测类语气副词在生成演变上的共性和差异。本文的结论有以下两点:第一,单音节或然类语气副词在不同时期的频率变化比较明显。在上古汉语中,"其"的使用频率最高,中古汉语中,"其"频率降低,"盖"成为使用频率最高的或然类语气副词。近代汉语中,唐宋时期,使用频率最高的是"恐",元明清时期,"怕"逐渐兴起,成为最主要的揣测副词。单音节必然类语气副词在不同时期使用数量变化显著,但每一时期使用频率最高的都是"必"。第二,"恐、虑、怕"作揣测副词都是由表示人的心理活动演变而来,经历了"担心担心---估计、揣测揣测"阶段。"断、判、绝"作揣测副词都是由把事物分开的动作演变而来。但它们的语义演变路径不同,揣测副词"断"由动词判断义虚化而来,"判"受"断"的类化影响产生揣测副词用法,揣测副词"绝"则是由程度副词用法进一步虚化而来。
[Abstract]:At present, there is no definite definition of speculative mood adverbs. This paper argues that conjectural mood adverbs represent the speaker's reasoning about the proposition and are the speaker's speculation as to whether the event is true or not. Monosyllabic conjecture mood adverbs mainly refer to a linguistic unit composed of one syllable. The full text is divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the research of mood adverbs and speculative mood adverbs, and explains the research ideas, data sources, research methods and innovations of this paper. Chapter two examines the historical development of monosyllabic conjecture mood adverbs. According to the expression of the speaker's definite degree of proposition, this paper divides the speculative mood adverb into two categories: the inevitable modal adverb and the probable modal adverb. We make quantitative statistics on the usage of these two kinds of words in the three stages of Upper Ancient Chinese, Middle Ancient Chinese and Modern Chinese, and explore the reasons for the change of the frequency of use. The third chapter selects two groups of representative words, such as "fear, worry, fear", "cut off, judge and reject", as the research object, and focuses on the investigation and analysis to find out the rules of semantic evolution. The fourth chapter summarizes the inheritance and development of Chinese monosyllabic conjecture mood adverbs at different stages, and generalizes the generality and difference between the two groups of representative monosyllabic mood adverbs in generation and evolution. The conclusions of this paper are as follows: first, the frequency of monosyllabic probable modal adverbs changes obviously in different periods. In the upper ancient Chinese, "Qi" is used most frequently, and in the middle ancient Chinese, "its" frequency decreases, and "cover" becomes the most frequently used probabilistic modal adverb. In modern Chinese, "fear" was used most frequently in Tang and Song dynasties, and in Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, "fear" rose gradually and became the most important conjecture adverb. The number of monosyllabic mood adverbs varies significantly in different periods, but the most frequently used adverbs in each period are "must". Second, the predicative adverbs of "fear, worry, fear" evolved from expressing people's psychological activities and went through the stage of "worry- estimating, speculating". " Judgment, judgment and speculation adverbs are all derived from the action of separating things. However, their semantic evolution paths are different. The hypothetical adverb "break" comes from the verb's judgment of the meaning vacuity, the "judgment" is influenced by the "broken" category to produce the speculated adverb usage, and the speculated adverb "absolute" comes from the degree adverb usage further fictitious.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H14

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