《孔子家语》副词研究

发布时间：2018-07-29 12:02

【摘要】：副词作为古汉语虚词中数量较多、范围较广、使用较为复杂的词类,不论是界定还是分类都未有定论,而同样备受争论的《孔子家语》的成书年代问题也至今没有盖棺论定。对《孔子家语》的副词进行研究不仅希望可以对副词的研究有所助益,也希望对《孔子家语》成书年代的问题有所帮助。《孔子家语》中副词共出现140个,根据其语义和语法功能,将其分为范围副词、程度副词、否定副词、时间副词、情态副词、谦敬副词、指代性副词七类,每一类分别作为一章,谦敬副词和指代性副词合作为一章,共分为六章。第一章将范围副词分为总括范围副词、限制范围副词、统计范围副词三大类,其位置以位于主语后谓语前为主,语义指向多指向主语;第二章将程度副词分为绝对程度副词和相对程度副词,绝对程度副词一般指向谓语部分,相对程度副词则涉及两个或两个以上的比较项进行对比,程度副词谓语中心语以修饰形容词为主,且出现了“兹益”程度副词的连用;第三章将否定副词分为表示单纯否定、表示对已然的否定、表示对判断的否定、表示禁止劝阻的副词四类,其对谓语中心语的选择多是动词性谓语,较为特殊的是否定副词宾语前置情况以及“弗”字后面带宾语的研究;第四章将时间副词分为表示动作行为发生时间的时间副词和表示动作行为时间状态的时间副词两大类,两类之下又各再分类,时间副词与其他类型副词不同的是双音节副词的使用;第五章将情态副词分为表示语气和表示状态、动作行为进行方式的情态副词,对谓语中心语的选择多是动词性谓语,语义指向多是指向谓语部分,也有少部分指向主语;第六章是谦敬副词和指代性副词两类副词,谦敬副词又分为表敬副词和表谦副词,它们对谓语中心语的选择全部是动词谓语,语义指向连接对话双方,并非单指一方;指代性副词只有“相”一个,在句中作状语,但实际意义上却是作宾语;最后结语部分总结全文。对《孔子家语》的副词进行研究,以期待对《孔子家语》是否伪书提供证据,对完善词汇系统提供一定的语料价值。
[Abstract]:As a function word in ancient Chinese, adverbs have a large number and a wide range. The definition and classification of parts of speech that are more complicated have not been decided, and the question of the writing age of Confucius' Family language, which is also a controversial one, has not been decided yet. It is hoped that the study of the adverbs in Confucius' Family language can not only be helpful to the study of the adverbs, but also helpful to the problem of the time when the Confucius Family language was written. There are 140 adverbs in the Family language of Confucius. According to its semantic and grammatical functions, it is divided into seven categories: scope adverbs, degree adverbs, negative adverbs, temporal adverbs, modal adverbs, modest adverbs, and referential adverbs. The cooperation of modest adverbs and referential adverbs is divided into six chapters. The first chapter divides the scope adverbs into three categories: omnibus adverbs, restricted adverbs and statistical adverbs. The second chapter divides the degree adverb into absolute degree adverb and relative degree adverb. The absolute degree adverb generally points to the predicate part, and the relative degree adverb involves two or more comparative items. The predicate head of degree adverb mainly modifies adjectives and appears the conjunction of degree adverbs of "Ziyi". The third chapter divides negative adverbs into simple negation, negation to already and negation to judgment. There are four kinds of adverbs that are forbidden to dissuade, the choice of the predicate head is mostly verb predicate, the more special is the negative adverb object preposition and the study of "Fu" followed by object. In the fourth chapter, time adverbs are divided into two categories: time adverb which indicates the time of action behavior and time adverb which indicates the time state of action behavior. The use of double syllable adverbs is different from other types of adverbs. The fifth chapter divides modal adverbs into modal adverbs that express mood and state, modal adverbs in the way of action behavior, and the choice of predicate head is mostly verb predicate. The sixth chapter is two kinds of adverbs: the adverb of modesty and the adverb of reference, the adverb of modesty is divided into adverb of expression and adverb of modesty. Their choice of predicate headwords is all verb predicates, semantic points to connect both sides of the dialogue, not only one side, but only one anaphoric adverb, which is used as adverbial in sentence, but as object in practical sense. Finally, the conclusion summarizes the full text. This paper studies the adverbs of Confucius Family language in order to provide evidence to prove whether Confucius Family language is false or not and to provide certain corpus value to perfect the lexical system.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H141

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