《论语》三家注歧解现象的语法考辨

发布时间：2018-07-29 12:46

【摘要】：《论语》是我国春秋时期的一部语录体散文集,集中反映了孔子的思想,是古代学子学习和考试的主要教材,它影响了中国古代的礼乐文化和伦理道德,对解读儒家思想具有重要意义。在任何时代、任何地方,只有正确理解经典著作的本义,才能发挥它不朽的价值。虽然历代对《论语》的注解和研读众多,但由于时代久远、语境缺失、结构不明,导致《论语》注本中的歧解现象突出。本文以此为切入点,选取宋代朱熹的《论语集注》、清代刘宝楠的《论语正义》和现代杨伯峻的《论语译注》,将三个时代不同、认可度较高的注本进行对比研究,运用现代语言学的基本理论,分析《论语》三家注中歧解的类型和造成歧解的原因,并尝试从语法的角度提供令人信服的佐证,从而化解分歧,使其合乎《论语》原文的本义,进而全面了解孔子的思想。本文主要包含以下几部分:第一部分,引言。阐述了本文研究的意义和价值、研究方法、《论语》歧解的研究现状、本文对歧解的界定以及歧解材料的选取。第二部分,从词法和句法两个方面逐一辨析《论语》三家注中的歧解现象。为使本文的研究更加客观而全面,本文涵盖了《论语》全20章中与语法歧解相关的全部语料。其中,第二章从词类和词的内部构成两方面对三家注中的歧解现象进行词法考辨,具体探讨三家注中词类认识不清、内部结构不明的问题;第三章则从短语、单句、复句三个层面对《论语》三家注中的歧解现象进行句法考辨。此外,为避免只罗列歧解现象,对原文的注释模棱两可的情况,我们为每一例歧解都作了较为合理的注释。第三部分,分析《论语》注释歧解形成的原因和化解歧解的方法。由于汉语在表示语法意义方面不依赖于形态变化,同一语法形式往往表示多种语法意义,使得语法结构比较隐性,由此加大了《论语》注释辨析的难度。此外,文献本身的原因、古今语法的变化都会影响各家的注释。据此,我们认为考辨《论语》的本义,需树立一定的语法意识,更多地关注原文各章节中组成成分的词类、层次构造和语法关系,增强对《论语》本义的正确理解。第四部分,结语。综合考辨三家注释,我们共发现45例与语法相关的歧解现象,从宏观上分析各部分所占的权重和容易造成歧解的关键之处,可以为化解《论语》中的歧解注释提供方法论上的依据。对于两可的注释,我们也可从语法的角度分析造成歧解的原因,梳理古籍中存在的歧解问题。
[Abstract]:Analects of Confucius (Analects of Analects) is a collection of quotations in the Spring and Autumn period of China, which reflects the thought of Confucius and is the main teaching material for the study and examination of ancient students. It has influenced the culture of etiquette and music and the ethics and morality in ancient China. It is of great significance to interpret Confucianism. At any time, anywhere, only a correct understanding of the original meaning of classical works can play its immortal value. Although the Analects of Confucius has been annotated and studied by many dynasties, the disambiguation phenomenon in the Analects of Analects of Confucius is prominent because of the long time, the absence of context and the unclear structure of the Analects of Analects of Confucius. This paper takes this as the starting point, selects Song Dynasty Zhu Xi's Analects of Confucius Collection Note, Liu Baonan's Analects of Confucius Justice in Qing Dynasty and Modern Yang Bojun's Analects of Analects Translation, and makes a comparative study on the three different annotated texts of different times and higher recognition. Based on the basic theories of modern linguistics, this paper analyzes the types of disambiguation in the Analects of Analects of Confucius and the causes of the disambiguation, and tries to provide convincing evidence from the perspective of grammar so as to resolve the differences and make them conform to the original meaning of the Analects of Confucius. And then fully understand the thought of Confucius. This paper mainly includes the following parts: the first part, introduction. In this paper, the significance and value of this study, the research methods, the present situation of disambiguation, the definition of disambiguation and the selection of disambiguation materials are described. In the second part, the disambiguation phenomenon in the Analects of Analects of Confucius is analyzed one by one from the lexical and syntactic aspects. In order to make the study more objective and comprehensive, this paper covers all the data related to grammatical ambiguity in the whole 20 chapters of Analects of Confucius. Among them, the second chapter makes lexical research on the phenomenon of disambiguation in the three notes from the two aspects of the internal composition of the parts of speech and words, and discusses in detail the problems of unclear understanding of the parts of speech and unclear internal structure in the three notes, and the third chapter discusses the problems of phrase, single sentence, and so on. The syntactic analysis of disambiguation in Analects of Analects of Confucius is made from three levels of complex sentences. In addition, in order to avoid the phenomenon of only listing disambiguation, we make a reasonable annotation for each case. The third part analyzes the causes of disambiguation in Analects of Confucius (Analects of Confucius) and the methods of disambiguation. Since Chinese does not depend on morphological changes in the expression of grammatical meaning, the same grammatical form often expresses a variety of grammatical meanings, which makes the grammatical structure more recessive, thus increasing the difficulty of distinguishing and analyzing the Analects of Analects of Confucius. In addition, the causes of the literature itself, ancient and modern grammar changes will affect the annotations. Therefore, we think that in order to understand the meaning of Analects of Confucius, we should set up a certain grammatical consciousness, pay more attention to the parts of speech, the structure of hierarchy and the grammatical relationship of the components in each chapter of the original text, so as to enhance the correct understanding of the original meaning of the Analects of Confucius. The fourth part, conclusion. By synthesizing the three annotations, we find 45 cases of grammatic-related disambiguation, and analyze the weight of each part and the key points which are easy to cause disambiguation. It can provide methodological basis for disambiguation annotation in Analects of Confucius. We can also analyze the causes of disambiguation from the perspective of grammar, and sort out the problem of disambiguation in ancient books.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H141

【参考文献】