中国翻译史上的三种翻译观

发布时间：2018-07-30 08:25

【摘要】：翻译史学界向来重视翻译对中国文化的影响,而较少关注主流文化如何看待翻译,以及这种翻译观如何传承演变。结合计量史学的方法系统地考察从《史记》至《清史稿》二十五部正史中的翻译类记载可以发现,中国古代的主流文化中先后出现了三种不同的翻译观,分别见于宋代以前的政事外交翻译、佛经翻译和辽代至清代的民族翻译。其更替原因主要在于当时的文化交往框架对翻译实践和正史编纂提出了翻译合理性的拷问。宋代以前的佛经翻译与政事外交翻译分别发生在相对平等和不平等的文化交往框架中,因而形成了两种并行千年而互不影响的翻译观;辽代至清代的少数民族统治显著地提升了正史中翻译的显现度以及翻译在政治统治、民族融合和文化交往中的地位。深入理解这三种翻译观的形成及演变,对于完整而准确地把握古代翻译史脉络,重新认识古代翻译大潮和中国古代的文化走出去具有重要的意义。
[Abstract]:Translation historiography has always attached great importance to the influence of translation on Chinese culture, but less attention has been paid to how the mainstream culture views translation, and how to inherit and evolve this view of translation. In combination with the method of econometric historiography, it is found that three different translation views have emerged successively in the mainstream culture of ancient China by systematically examining the translation records in the 25 official history from the Records of History to the draft of the History of the Qing Dynasty. They can be found in political and diplomatic translation before Song Dynasty, Buddhist scripture translation and ethnic translation from Liao Dynasty to Qing Dynasty. The main reason for its replacement is that the framework of cultural communication at that time put forward the question of the rationality of translation in translation practice and official history compilation. The translation of Buddhist scriptures and political affairs and diplomacy before the Song Dynasty took place in the relatively equal and unequal framework of cultural exchanges, which resulted in two parallel millennia without affecting each other's views on translation. The rule of minority nationality from Liao Dynasty to Qing Dynasty significantly promoted the appearance of translation in the history and the position of translation in political rule ethnic integration and cultural interaction. A thorough understanding of the formation and evolution of these three views on translation is of great significance for the complete and accurate understanding of the history of ancient translation and a new understanding of the tide of ancient translation and the development of ancient Chinese culture.
【作者单位】：北京外国语大学英语学院;
【基金】：2012年度教育部人文社科基金一般项目“中国翻译思想史研究”(12YJC740116) 2017年度中国文化走出去协同创新中心一般项目“中国古代翻译史上的文化译出研究”(CCSIC2017-YB03)
【分类号】：H059

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