《三国志》中的比较句研究

发布时间：2018-08-02 19:06

【摘要】：《三国志》中的比较句分为平比句、差比句、泛比句三大类。对其中的比较句,文章分别从X项和Y项的特点、W项的特点、副词、句式等方面进行了详尽的描写和分析,并与先秦的比较句及其特点作对比。全文共有五章,第一章为绪论,第二章至第四章都是对《三国志》中比较句的描写和分析,第五章是对比较句式历史发展演变的梳理。第一章绪论简单介绍了比较句的研究现状、本文的研究对象、方法等。第二章全面描写和分析了《三国志》中的平比句,《三国志》中的平比句有"于"字句、"与"字句、"比"字句、"如/若"类平比句,类型多样。其中,"如/若"类平比句用例最为丰富。"于"字平比句、"与"字平比句大多表示异同关系,"比"字平比句、"如/若"类平比句可表等同、比拟、参照等关系。《三国志》中的平比句式及用法大多沿袭上古,但也有新兴平比句式的用例,如"X+与+Y+齐/并/同W"式、"X+有似+Y" 式、"以+(X)+ 比+Y" 式、"以+(X)+ 比方+Y" 式、"X+与+Y+比+W" 式。第三章全面描写和分析了《三国志》中的差比句,《三国志》中的差比句有"于"字句、"如/若"类差比句,类型相对单一。其中,"于"字差比句的用例占了《三国志》中差比句的绝大多数用例。《三国志》基本沿用上古时期的差比句式及用法,新兴差比句式的用例很少。第四章简单描写了《三国志》中的泛比句,《三国志》中的泛比句有"比"字句、"方"字句。《三国志》中泛比句的用例很少。第五章在参照前人研究成果的基础上,对平比句式和差比句式从先秦到唐的发展脉络做了一个简单的梳理,并重点讨论了新旧句式更替的原因。
[Abstract]:The comparative sentences in the chronicles of the three Kingdoms can be divided into three categories, namely, the equality sentence, the difference comparison sentence and the universal comparison sentence. The comparative sentences are described and analyzed in detail from the characteristics of X and Y items, adverbs, sentence patterns and so on, and compared with the comparative sentences and their characteristics of the Pre-Qin Dynasty. There are five chapters, the first chapter is the introduction, the second chapter to the fourth chapter is the description and analysis of the comparative sentences in the three Kingdoms, the fifth chapter is the historical development of comparative sentences. The first chapter briefly introduces the research status of comparative sentences, the research object and methods of this paper. The second chapter comprehensively describes and analyzes the Pingbi sentence in "San Guo Zhi", which includes "Yu" sentence, "Yu" sentence, "bi" sentence, and "such as / if" type of Pingbi sentence. Among them, "such as / if" is the most abundant use case. " Most of the Pingbi sentences in "Zengping Bi" and "Ziping" show similarities and differences, while "Bi" and "if" are equivalent, comparable, and referential. Most of the sentence patterns and usage of Pingbi in "the Records of the three Kingdoms" follow the ancient times. But there are also new use cases, such as "X and Y parallel / same W", "X like Y", "(X) than Y", "(X) as Y" and "X and Y as W". The third chapter comprehensively describes and analyzes the difference ratio sentence in "three Kingdoms", the difference ratio sentence in "San Guo Zhi" has the character sentence "Yu", the type of difference ratio sentence of "such as / if" is relatively simple. Among them, the use cases of "Yu" word difference comparison sentences account for most of the use cases in the "San Guo Zhi". < San Guo Zhi] basically uses the difference ratio sentence and its usage in the ancient period, but the new difference ratio sentence is seldom used. The fourth chapter briefly describes the universal comparison sentence in "three Kingdoms", the "bi" sentence and "Fang" sentence in the "San Guo Zhi". There are few examples of the universal comparison sentence in the "San Guo Zhi". On the basis of the previous research results, the fifth chapter makes a simple combing of the development of Pingbi sentence pattern and difference sentence pattern from pre-Qin to Tang Dynasty, and discusses the reasons of the replacement of new and old sentence patterns.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H141

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