英汉语动宾结构句法—语义接口的互动关系研究

发布时间：2018-08-03 21:17

【摘要】：本文选取英汉语动宾结构,研究句法-语义接口的互动关系。研究问题如下:1)什么是英汉语动宾结构的句法-语义接口?2)英汉语动宾结构句法-语义接口的关系为什么是互动的?3)如何解释英汉语动宾结构句法-语义接口的互动?借助大量英汉语语料,根据生成语法句法-语义接口的理论,运用理论思辨法,详细分析英汉语动宾结构句法-语义接口。具体研究过程如下:1)首先根据语义对英汉语动宾结构进行分类,分为三类:英汉语同源宾语结构,英汉语双宾语结构和英汉语超常宾语结构,以期解决第一个问题,本文研究以上三个动宾结构的接口问题。2)然后详细研究英汉语动宾结构句法-语义接口互动的原因和对此的解释,为了深入剖析,利用论元,语义角色,最简方案等分别分析了英汉语同源宾语结构、双宾语结构、超常宾语结构的句法特点和语义特点,进一步指出其句法-语义接口存在互动关系。研究发现如下:1)英语同源宾语结构中,由于同源宾语论元角色的转变,由正常作宾语的受事角色转变为非真正意义上的述题、受益者、或者感受者,从而促动其句法结构发生相应的变化,迫使其英语同源宾语结构中的不及物动词转换为假及物动词(或称准及物动词),从而具有了赋予宾格的能力,当然,该处的宾格不是真正意义上的宾格,而是一个假宾格(或者称准宾格)。汉语同源宾语结构中的动词为及物动词,所以不存在赋格的问题,但汉语同源宾语结构仍不是正常的动宾结构,其结构对于动词和宾语具有严格的限制,两者必须语义相关,且宾语与动词的动作是同步的,两者为不可分割的整体。其形成的主要原因在于宾语论元角色的变化而为,从常规的受事转为工具或结果,最终促使其句法结构发生相应的变化,从而形成了汉语中的同源宾语结构。2)英汉语双宾语结构中,为了保持句法中主谓的一致性,发生了一系列的移位和合并操作,格的核查是借助于vp,其形成原因在于由一个宾语扩展为两个宾语,从而促使句法发生相应的变化。英汉双宾语结构对于施事的语义选择基本上是一致的,都为[+生命性],[+自主性],[+意识性];对与事的语义选择都限定为表“人”的语义成分,而汉语中可以通过转喻或隐喻延伸至更广的范围。对受事的语义选择按照不同的划分类别具有不同的属性,主要区别在于事物的具体和抽象的性质方面。3)英汉语超常宾语结构形成的主要原因在于用假宾语掩盖其真宾语,如:“吃食堂”中,用表达处所的“食堂”掩盖了真正的宾语“食物”。超常宾语结构中,具体是论元的变化引起了句法的改变还是句法的原因导致了语义的变化,并不容易界定。文学作品中,尤其是诗歌,经常用简洁的话语表达丰富的语义,此时为句法的变化引起语义的变化。但不管是语义促动句法改变还是句法促动语义改变,两者都是句法和语义互动的结果。以上发现对句法-语义接口的研究具有一定的参考价值。
[Abstract]:This paper chooses the verb object structure in English and Chinese to study the interaction relationship between syntactic and semantic interfaces. The following questions are as follows: 1) what is the syntactic semantic interface of the verb object structure in English and Chinese? 2) why is the relationship between English and Chinese verb object structure syntactic semantic interface interaction? 3) how to explain the interaction between English and Chinese verb object structure syntactic semantic interface? With the help of a large number of In English and Chinese, according to the theory of generative grammatical syntactic semantic interface, the Chinese and Chinese verb object structure syntactic semantic interface is analyzed in detail. The specific research process is as follows: 1) firstly, it classifies the verb object structure in English and Chinese according to the semantics. It is divided into three categories: English Chinese homologous object structure, English Chinese double object structure and English and Chinese. In order to solve the first problem in order to solve the first problem, this paper studies the interface problem of the three verb object structures.2) and then studies the reasons and explanations of the syntactic semantic interface interaction in the English and Chinese verb object structure. The object structure, the syntactic and semantic features of the supernormal object structure, further points out that there is an interactive relationship between the syntactic and semantic interfaces. It is found as follows: 1) in the structure of the English homologous object, the role of the normal object is transformed into a non real meaning, the beneficiary, or the feeling of the subject of the object. In this way, the grammatical structure of the English homologous object is transformed into a false transitive verb (or a quasi transitive verb), and thus has the ability to endow the object. Of course, the object is not a real bingle, but a false object (or quasi object). Chinese homology is the same. The verb in the object structure is transitive, so there is no problem of Fugue, but the structure of the Chinese homologous object is still not a normal verb object structure. Its structure is strictly limited to the verb and object. Both must be semantically related, and the action of the object and the verb is synchronized. The two are the inseparable whole. The main original of the two is the main original. Because of the change in the role of the object argument, from the routine to the tool or the result, the syntactic structure of the Chinese language is eventually changed, thus forming the homologous object structure.2 in Chinese). In the English Chinese double object structure, a series of shift and merger operations have occurred in order to maintain the consistency of the subject predicate. The cause of verification is the use of VP, which is caused by the expansion of an object to two objects, which makes the syntax change correspondingly. The semantic choice of the English Chinese double object structure is basically consistent to the semantic selection of the application, all of which are "+ life", [+ autonomy], [+ consciousness], and the semantic choice of the matter is defined as the semantic component of the table "man". In Chinese, it can be extended to a wider range by metonymy or metaphor. The semantic selection of the subjects has different attributes according to different categories. The main difference lies in the specific and abstract properties of things.3.) the main reason for the formation of the English and Chinese supernormal object structure is to cover up its real object with false object, such as "eating canteen". "The dining hall" that expresses the place of the expression "food" conceals the real object "food". In the supernormal object structure, it is the change of syntax or syntax that causes the change of syntax, which is not easy to define. In literary works, especially poetry, it expresses rich semantic meaning through commonly used and concise words, at this time the sentence is a sentence. The change of the law causes the change of semantics. However, both semantic and syntactic changes, both are the results of syntactic and semantic interaction. The above findings have a certain reference value for the study of syntactic semantic interfaces.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146.3;H314.3

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