基于图式理论的中韩中级汉语阅读教材对比研究

发布时间：2018-08-11 17:28

【摘要】：教材是一门学科文化传承的重要载体,无论人文科学还是自然科学,相应教材的编写都具有重要的研究价值。然而一本教材想要达到真正意义上的"全面"是不现实的,根据适用对象的不同每本教材都会有相应的侧重点。阅读教学是对外汉语教学的重要一环,同时阅读能力的提高也对汉语学习者的汉语能力提高有着不容小觑的作用。本文的研究梳理了对外汉语学界学者们对汉语教材编写的普遍性和一般性的观点,进行归纳总结,然后基于汉语阅读教材的基本属性,结合图式理论的研究范式提出对此类教材的创新编写建议,即针对中韩汉语阅读教材的对比,探究国别型汉语阅读教材的编写。图式理论强调因过往的生活环境、社会认知等因素的差异,每个个体大脑中的原有图式也会有所区别。图式可以通过先激活、后监控、再重建的方式进行完善和整合。教材的编写在体例上也包含导入、讲解、巩固等部分的构成,这与图.式理论的新图式建构方式相契合。此外,基于图式理论的交互阅读模型恰当地阐述了阅读过程中语言知识与人脑知识相互作用的过程,在强调主观能动性的同时,注重阅读材料的基础作用,因此图式理论对于阅读教学以及阅读教材的编写都有着理论支撑的作用,特别是国别型阅读教材的编写更需要结合语言图式、内容图式、文化图式、形式图式和策略图式的特点,有针对性地按照学习者的国别特征进行具体的编写研究和设计。从宏观角度,教材编写应适当分册,并划分单元和主题,最后增添附录,针对国别型汉语学习者设置不同的附录内容。从微观角度,要注重阅读教材课前图式激活、课上图式监控、课后图式重建三大部分的内容设置,不偏离阅读教材编写的基本原则和普遍特征,结合文化图式等特别内容有针对性地贴近国别型学习者的学习需求,灵活安排各部分的内容组成和结构编排。图式理论的内涵和具体应用仍然是对外汉语学界值得深入研究的一项理论,在图式理论或其他学科有价值的理论启发下,国别型汉语阅读教材的编写始终是一项长期重要的研究课题。本文希望通过对中韩汉语阅读教材进行对比分析,为日后的深入研究提供一些有价值的帮助。
[Abstract]:Teaching material is an important carrier of the cultural inheritance of a discipline. Whether in the humanities or natural science, the compilation of the corresponding textbook has important research value. However, it is not realistic for a textbook to achieve the true meaning of "comprehensive", according to the applicable object of each textbook will have a corresponding focus. Reading teaching is an important part of teaching Chinese as a foreign language. At the same time, the improvement of reading ability also plays an important role in the improvement of Chinese language proficiency of Chinese learners. The research of this paper combs the scholars' general and general viewpoints on the compilation of Chinese textbooks, and then based on the basic attributes of Chinese reading textbooks, Based on the research paradigm of schema theory, this paper puts forward some suggestions for the creative compilation of this kind of textbooks, that is, to explore the compilation of country-specific Chinese reading textbooks in the light of the comparison of Chinese reading textbooks between China and South Korea. Schema theory emphasizes that the original schema in each individual's brain will be different because of the difference of living environment, social cognition and other factors. Schema can be improved and integrated by activation, monitoring and reconstruction. The compilation of the textbook also includes the composition of the introduction, explanation, consolidation and so on. The new schema construction mode of the theory of form fits together. In addition, the interactive reading model based on schema theory properly illustrates the process of interaction between language knowledge and human brain knowledge in the process of reading, emphasizing the subjective initiative as well as the basic role of reading materials. Therefore, schema theory plays a theoretical supporting role in reading teaching and the compilation of reading materials. Especially, the compilation of country-specific reading textbooks needs to combine language schema, content schema and cultural schema. The characteristics of formal schema and strategic schema are studied and designed according to the learners' country characteristics. From the macro point of view, the textbook should be properly divided into books, units and themes, and finally, an appendix should be added, and different appendices should be set up for Chinese learners of country type. From the micro point of view, we should pay attention to the activation of schemata before class, the monitoring of schemata in class, and the reconstruction of schemata after class, without deviating from the basic principles and general characteristics of compiling reading textbooks. According to the special contents such as cultural schema and so on, the content composition and structure of each part can be arranged flexibly according to the learning needs of country learners. The connotation and application of schema theory is still a theory worthy of further study in the field of TCFL, inspired by the theory of schema or other valuable theories in other disciplines. The compilation of country-based Chinese reading textbooks has always been a long-term and important research topic. This paper hopes to provide some valuable help for the further study through the comparative analysis of Chinese reading materials between China and Korea.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H195.4

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