韵律促发下的重新分析——论离合词的产生机制

发布时间：2018-08-14 20:25

【摘要】：离合词由“合”到“离”的过程,从严格的句法分析上看,经历的是“双音词→双音短语→扩展的短语(离析结构)”。其中,“双音词→双音短语”是由韵律促发产生的重新分析;“双音短语→扩展的短语(离析结构)”是为凸显核心重音而进行的句法运作。在韵律层上,该运作过程是:右重(等重)双音韵律词(Prosodic Word)负载核心重音,然后扩大为同样承载核心重音的韵律短语(Prosodic Phrase)。主要证据有二:1)汉语离合词的“离”只在句末发生;所处句法位置一直与核心重音范域对应。2)离合词为抑扬格,与汉语核心重音的轻重节律一致。从这个角度说,离合词的“离”是为扩大核心重音而采用的一种句法手段。离合词是一类可以经由重新分析变成短语的复合词。
[Abstract]:From the perspective of strict syntactic analysis, the process of disjunctive words from "harmony" to "separation" shows that "disyllabic words and disyllabic phrases are expanded in phrase (segregation structure)". Among them, "double syllable words and double syllable phrases" is a reanalysis generated by prosody, while "disyllabic phrase extended phrase (segregation structure)" is a syntactic operation to highlight core stress. In the prosodic layer, the process is: the right weight (equal weight) two-tone prosodic word (Prosodic Word) loads the core stress, and then expands to the prosodic phrase (Prosodic Phrase)., which also carries the core stress. The main evidences are 2: 1) the "separation" of the Chinese disjunctive words only occurs at the end of the sentence, and the syntactic position always corresponds to that of the core stress field. 2) the disjunctive word is an inhibitive case, which is consistent with the light and heavy rhythm of the Chinese core stress. From this point of view, the separation is a syntactic method used to enlarge the core stress. Clutch words are a class of compound words that can be changed into phrases by reanalysis.
【作者单位】：北京语言大学汉语国际教育学部汉语学院;河南大学外国语言学及应用语言学研究所;香港中文大学中国语言及文学系;
【分类号】：H109.4

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