常用汉字语音演变与语音规范化研究

发布时间：2018-08-27 20:25

【摘要】：2013年6月颁布的《通用规范汉字表》以其权威性、实用性得到社会各界广泛关注。《通用规范汉字表》意义和字形、字义方面的讨论较丰富,但语音方面研究较少。《通用规范汉字表》一级字表中的3500个常用汉字,是社会使用频率最高的汉字,关系到社会生活的方方面面。因此,本文将这3500个汉字作为研究对象,考察其古今语音状况及变化情况,并对语音演变的例外现象进行分析。针对语音规范化方面所存在的问题,提出了相关建议。论文主要内容如下:第一章为绪论,介绍了研究对象、研究目的、研究现状、研究方法和研究意义。研究封闭材料《通用规范汉字表》一级字表的3500个常用汉字,运用归纳法、对比法、定量统计的方法。研究现状介绍了《通用规范汉字表》的概况,接着分为《通用规范汉字表》研究、语音演变研究、语音规范化研究三个部分进行简述。第二章总结了古今语音演变规律,分别从声母、韵母、声调三个方面进行概述。第三章以《广韵》中的反切作为古音标准,按照古今语音演变规律推出今读。再与《现代汉语词典》今音做对比,今音标准辅之《普通话异读词审音表》。不符合古今语音演变规律的字归纳其原因。原因分为形、音、义及其他四个方面,尝试对不符合古今语音演变规律的原因做出说明。经研究:1.汉字字形的变化,会影响其今读,可以分为三类:字形类化,读为声符字或同声符字,如盯、柠、脸;字形类化,读为与声符字或同声符字的读音部分相同的语音,如勘、蜗、谜;偶然同形,字形简化后、后起字与源字音义皆无关,读为同形字音,如吨、御、背。2.汉字字音的变化,会影响其今读,可以分为三类:中古反切演变为今读,受存留的上古音影响,不合语音演变规律,如他、它、爹;表示动作的清入声字今读为阴平声,如刷、摘、失;多音字因为文白异读而产生新音,不合规律,如露、逮。3.汉字意义的变化,会影响其今读,可以分为三类:因字义变化产生新音,如都、溜、冠;为避讳而改读新音,如入、鸟、糙;意义相近而改读新音,如涨、捡、秤。4.还有一些例外情况无法做出解释,如清入声声调演变情况规律难寻,个别字声母或韵母不合语音音变规律等。第四章审视语音规范工作并提出建议,指出语音规范工作存在的问题,总结了一些语音规范工作中,尤其是进行审音、定音工作时应该遵循的原则,最后给出了如何处理具体问题的建议。
[Abstract]:The General Standard Chinese character Table, promulgated in June 2013, has received extensive attention from all walks of life for its authority and practicability. However, there is little research on pronunciation. The 3500 commonly used Chinese characters in the "Common Standard Chinese character Table" are the most frequently used Chinese characters in the society, and they are related to all aspects of social life. Therefore, this paper takes the 3500 Chinese characters as the research object, investigates the phonological status and changes of the ancient and modern Chinese characters, and analyzes the exception of the phonetic evolution. In view of the problems existing in the standardization of pronunciation, the relevant suggestions are put forward. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the first chapter is the introduction, which introduces the research object, research purpose, research status, research methods and research significance. This paper studies 3500 commonly used Chinese characters in the first class Chinese character table of the closed material. The methods of induction, contrast and quantitative statistics are used. This paper introduces the general situation of the General Specification Chinese character Table, and then it is divided into three parts: the General Specification Chinese character Table, the phonetic Evolution Research and the phonetic Standardization Research. The second chapter summarizes the ancient and modern phonetic evolution law, respectively from the consonant, vowel, tone three aspects summarized. The third chapter uses the reverse tangent in Guang Yun as the standard of ancient pronunciation, according to the law of ancient and modern phonetic evolution. In contrast with the Modern Chinese Dictionary, the standard of the present pronunciation is called the syllables of different pronouncing words in Putonghua. The causes of the characters which do not accord with the rules of ancient and modern phonetic evolution are summed up. The causes are divided into shape, sound, meaning and other four aspects, trying to explain the reasons that do not conform to the rules of ancient and modern phonetic evolution. The study was made at 1: 1. The change in the shape of a Chinese character, which will affect its present reading, can be divided into three categories: font categorization, which can be read as a phonetic character or a synonym character, such as staring, lime, or face, and a font that is read as a phonetic part of a phonetic character, such as a consonant character or a syllable character, such as a consonant, a cochlear, or a phonetic part of a syllable character. Riddle; accidental homograph, simplified, after the word and source word meaning is irrelevant, read as a homograph, such as ton, Royal, back. 2. The changes in the pronunciation of Chinese characters will affect their reading today, and they can be divided into three categories: the middle ancient reverse tangent evolves into the present reading, which is influenced by the remaining ancient sounds, and does not conform to the rules of phonetic evolution, such as he, it, father; the words that indicate the movement are pronounced as Yin and flat, such as brushes. Pick, lose; polysyllabic words because of the text and white reading and produce new sound, irregular, such as exposed, catch. 3. Changes in the meaning of Chinese characters can affect their reading today, and can be divided into three categories: new sounds produced by changes in the meaning of Chinese characters, such as du, slips, and crowns; new sounds, such as entering, birds, and rough; new sounds, such as rising, picking up, scale. 4, which are changed to avoid taboos; and similar meanings are changed to new sounds, such as rising, picking up, scale. 4. There are also some exceptions that can not be explained, such as the law of tone evolution in Qing Dynasty is difficult to find, the initial or vowel of individual words is not consistent with the law of phonetic change, and so on. The fourth chapter examines the work of phonetic standardization and puts forward some suggestions, points out the problems existing in the work of phonetic standardization, and summarizes some principles that should be followed in the work of phonetic standardization, especially in the work of examining and determining pronunciation. Finally, some suggestions on how to deal with the specific problems are given.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H11

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