汉语带“如”字成语的修辞特征研究

发布时间：2018-10-15 16:09

【摘要】：汉语词汇丰富,其形成、发展与修辞有密切的联系,而成语又是词汇中的精华,具有意义的整体性,结构的完整性特点,从意义上来看,成语的意义大多并不表里如一,表面意义只是实际含义的表现手段,因此有不少成语是含有修辞格形式的。汉语中带“如”字成语数量众多,且大多带有修辞功能,研究它能够更方便、集中地反映汉民族是如何通过各种修辞来实现自己所需,对了解汉语成语的修辞特点、汉民族思维特点、语义表达方式,准确理解汉语成语的意思亦有一定的帮助作用。文章共分为五部分来展开论述。首先对汉语带“如”字成语做了全面的整理统计,共整理出541例作为研究对象。然后结合汉语本体知识、修辞学以及文化语言学的相关理论,在前人对成语修辞研究的基础上,对“如”字成语进行修辞分类处理,鉴于“如”字本身也可成为比喻词的特殊性,为方便起见,先将“如”字成语按“如”字的常用义项进行了简单的归类,进而分出比喻、夸张、比拟、对比以及借代等五种修辞类型,然后分析其构词特征与语义特征。构词特征主要按音节的数量、“如”字在成语中的位置来分,语义特征从“如”字成语的形象生动、情感鲜明、哲理深厚等方面展开论述。最后从汉民族思维方面,探讨“如”字成语在类型、结构、语义、思维四个方面修辞特征的深层缘由,揭示汉语“如”字成语修辞特征深受汉民族具象思维、辩证思维、整体思维的影响,而这种思维方式又是受汉民族“天人合一”宇宙观的影响而形成的。
[Abstract]:The formation and development of Chinese vocabulary are closely related to rhetoric, and idioms are the essence of vocabulary, the integrity of meaning and the integrity of structure. In the sense, the meaning of idioms is not the same. The superficial meaning is only the expression means of the actual meaning, therefore there are many idioms which contain the rhetorical form. There are many idioms with "Ru" in Chinese, and most of them have rhetorical functions. It is more convenient to study the idioms and to reflect how the Han nationality realizes their needs through various kinds of rhetoric, so as to understand the rhetorical characteristics of Chinese idioms. The characteristics of Chinese people's thinking, semantic expression and understanding of the meaning of Chinese idioms are helpful to some extent. The article is divided into five parts to discuss. Firstly, 541 cases of Chinese idioms with "such" are sorted out. Then combining with the relevant theories of Chinese ontology, rhetoric and cultural linguistics, on the basis of the previous researches on idiom rhetoric, the author classifies the idioms of "such" words by rhetoric. In view of the particularity of the word "such" itself as a metaphor, for the sake of convenience, the idiom of "such" is simply classified according to the commonly used meanings of the word "such as", and then it is divided into analogy, exaggeration and analogy. Five rhetorical types, such as contrastive and metonymy, are compared, and their word-formation and semantic features are analyzed. The characteristics of word formation are mainly divided according to the number of syllables and the position of "such" characters in idioms, and the semantic features are discussed from the aspects of vivid image, vivid emotion, deep philosophy and so on. Finally, from the perspective of Chinese national thinking, this paper probes into the deep causes of the rhetorical characteristics of "such" idioms in four aspects: type, structure, semantics and thinking, and reveals that the rhetorical characteristics of Chinese idioms are deeply influenced by the figurative thinking and dialectical thinking of the Han nationality. The influence of the whole thinking, and this way of thinking is influenced by the world view of "the unity of nature and man" of the Han nationality.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H136.3

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