认同视角下的韩国语言政策研究

发布时间：2018-10-17 11:44

【摘要】：语言政策和语言规划,作为一个新兴的学科,正在引起相关领域学者们的关注和重视。“二战”之后,许多新兴民族独立国家,都面临着一个共同的语言问题,即国语和官方语言的选择问题。语言政策和语言规划研究,正是在这一时期,作为一个独立的学术研究领域,出现并蓬勃发展起来。20世纪90年代,西方许多学者开始从社会、经济、政治等不同角度深入探讨语言政策与规划中的诸如语言消亡、语言复兴、语言变异、语言接触、语言转用以及语言传播与扩张等问题,语言政策和语言规划的研究范围逐渐扩大。与西方相比,中国的语言政策研究起步更晚,研究成果也较少。但是进入21世纪后,语言政策和语言规划研究,逐渐引起了中国学者的重视,特别是近几年来,相关研究也逐渐增多。其中,语言政策的国别研究是国内学者关注的一个重点,近几年,国内先后出现了美国、澳大利亚、法国及欧盟的语言政策研究。但是,关于中国的亚洲邻国的语言政策研究还较少。韩国作为中国一衣带水的邻邦,韩国的语言文化、语言生态及语言政策方面,都与中国有许多相似的地方。通过对韩国语言政策的全方位的考察、剖析,可以找到值得我国的语言规划借鉴及规避之处。因此,本文对韩国政府工作报告、法律条文、新闻报道等进行了细致的查阅,并辅以大量相关韩文文献(论文、著作),进行梳理、分析。重点对韩国的国语政策、移民语言政策及外语政策进行了历时和共时的研究。历时层面,从国家需要、国家利益、意识形态等方面,分析了韩国语言政策的动因机制、发展演变等。共时层面,运用文本分析的方法,对每个阶段的语言政策文本都进行了细致的解读,总结了每个阶段语言政策的重点和特点,并结合问卷调查和访谈的方法,对几个语言政策的效果进行了分析和评价。并在此基础上,指出了新时期韩国的语言生活和语言政策面临的几大问题:母语安全危机、多元文化家庭的语言权利和语言资源问题、英语教育的“费时低效”问题、语言文化单一性等问题。最后,在对问题进行全面梳理的基础上,结合韩国政府提出的“培养世界公民”的战略构想,指出了韩国语言政策的改进措施。总结部分,梳理了韩国语言政策的价值取向特征及其中存在的问题,并指出了韩国语言政策的未来发展方向。通过对韩国语言政策的梳理,我们发现韩国在语言政策的制定上,始终坚持了民族认同和权力认同为主导的价值取向。在韩国光复初期,以民族认同为主导的国语醇化政策和韩文专用政策,在一定程度上,促进了大韩民族的民族认同,增强了韩民族的民族自尊心和自信心,巩固了国家的统一。但是,现阶段,韩国已脱离单一民族社会而开始进入多元文化社会。而韩国政府仍坚持“民族认同”为主导的价值取向,表现在具体的语言政策上,即对多元文化家庭子女进行单一的韩国语教育政策,这显然剥夺了多元文化家庭子女的双语教育权利,也造成了韩国语言资源的浪费。而以权力认同为主导的外语教育政策的价值取向,导致英语教育在韩国一家独大,其他语种发展缓慢;国民的母语认同弱化,对多元文化的包容度较低。本文认为,在现阶段,韩国语言政策的价值取向必须作出调整,建立超越“民族认同”的“国家认同”意识,在强调国语的重要地位的同时,提高国内其他移民语言的地位,保护移民家庭的语言权利。同时,树立“多元文化认同”的理念,加大对英语以外的其他外语语种的支援力度,促进韩国外语语种的均衡发展和多元文化的发展。只有在坚持“国家认同”的基础上,加强“多元文化认同”,才能适应现阶段韩国社会发展的需要,维护韩国社会的统一,实现韩国的“世界公民”战略。本文在系统、全面地理清韩国语言政策的演变发展的同时,力求以客观的角度对其进行解释和评价,不仅肯定了韩国语言政策取得的一些积极效果,也以具体的数据为支撑,指出了韩国在语言政策的制定及实施等方面存在的一些问题和缺失。由于韩国语言政策的研究在国内较少,因此,本文不仅可以丰富我国语言政策的国别研究的内容,亦可以丰富语言政策和语言规划学科的内容。同时,通过对韩国语言政策的研究,我们可以借鉴其经验,规避其错误,为我国语言政策制定提供有效的参考和借鉴。
[Abstract]:Language policy and language planning, as a new discipline, are attracting attention and attention from relevant field scholars. World War II After that, many newly independent nations face a common language problem, namely, the choice of the official language and the official language. Language policy and language planning research, in this period, as an independent academic research field, appeared and flourished. In the 1990s, many western scholars began to learn from the society, economy, The research scope of language policy and language planning is gradually enlarged, such as language disappearance, language revival, language variation, language contact, language conversion, language communication and expansion, etc. Compared with the West, China's language policy research is beginning to be late and the research results are small. However, after entering the 21st century, the research of language policy and language planning has gradually attracted the attention of Chinese scholars, especially in recent years. Among them, the country study of language policy is a focus of domestic scholars' concern. In recent years, the language policy research of the United States, Australia, France and the European Union has appeared in China. However, the language policy research on China's Asian neighbours is still relatively small. South Korea has many similarities with China as China's one-in-one garment, Korean language culture, language ecology and language policy. Through an all-round investigation and analysis of Korean language policy, we can find the reference and circumvention point worthy of our country's language planning. Therefore, this paper makes careful examination of the Korean government's work report, legal provisions, news reports and so on, and supplemented with a great deal of related literature (papers and works) to carry out carding and analysis. The emphasis is on Korean policy, immigration language policy and foreign language policy. This paper analyzes the motivation mechanism and evolution of Korean language policy from the aspects of country needs, national interests, ideology and so on. At the same time, using the method of text analysis, the text of the language policy of each stage is carefully interpreted, the key points and characteristics of each stage language policy are summarized, and the effects of several language policies are analyzed and evaluated according to the methods of questionnaire survey and interview. On the basis of this, it points out the problems faced by Korean language life and language policy in the new period: mother tongue security crisis, language rights and language resources of multi-cultural families, etc. "Time-consuming inefficiencies" Issues, language and cultural singleness, etc. Finally, on the basis of the comprehensive carding of the problem, combining with the Korean government's proposal," Culture of the World's Citizens" The strategic concept of Korean language policy is pointed out, and the improvement measures of Korean language policy are pointed out. The paper sums up the value orientation feature of Korean language policy and its existing problems, and points out the future development direction of Korean language policy. Through the carding of Korean language policy, we find that Korea has always adhered to the value orientation of national identity and power identity in the formulation of language policy. In the early Republic of Korea, the national identity of the Han nationality was promoted, and the national identity and self-confidence of the Han nationality were strengthened, and the unification of the country was consolidated. However, at this stage, South Korea has become a multi-cultural society from a single national society. And the South Korean government insists that "Ethnic Identity" The dominant value orientation is manifested in the specific language policy, namely, the single Korean language education policy is carried out on the children of the multicultural family, which obviously deprived the bilingual education right of the children of the multicultural family, and also caused the waste of Korean language resources. However, the value orientation of the foreign language education policy dominated by the power identity leads to the slow development of the foreign language in the Korean family, the slow development of other languages, the weakening of the national identity of the national, and the low inclusion degree of the multiculturalism. In this paper, the value orientation of Korean language policy must be adjusted to establish transcendence at the present stage. "Ethnic Identity" visionless" National identity "Consciousness, while emphasizing the important status of immigrants, improves the status of other domestic immigrant languages and protects the language rights of immigrant families. At the same time, set up" Multicultural Identification "The idea is to strengthen the support of other foreign languages other than English, and to promote the balanced development of foreign languages in Korea and the development of multiculturalism. It's only one thing." National identity "on the basis of strengthening" Multicultural Identification "In order to meet the needs of the social development of Korea at the present stage, it is necessary to safeguard the unity of Korean society and realize the Korean society" World Citizens" Strategy. At the same time, the paper tries to explain and evaluate the Korean language policy at an objective angle. It not only confirms some positive effects of Korean language policy, but also supports it with concrete data. This paper points out some problems and deficiencies of Korea in the formulation and implementation of language policy. Since the research of Korean language policy is relatively small in China, this paper not only can enrich the content of the country research of our country's language policy, but also enrich the content of the language policy and the language planning subject. At the same time, through the study of Korean language policy, we can draw lessons from its experience, avoid mistakes, and provide effective reference and reference for the development of Chinese language policy.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H002

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