《绿野仙踪》疑问句研究

发布时间：2018-10-17 10:42

【摘要】：《绿野仙踪》成书于清中叶(清乾隆二十七年),作者李百川。近代著名文学史家郑振铎先生将其与《红楼梦》《儒林外史》并列为清中叶三大小说。《绿野仙踪》作为清中叶的一部世情小说,语言皆来自生活化的语言,有较多的口语对话材料,特别是其中的疑问句特色鲜明,能够揭示出清中叶疑问句系统向现代汉语发展演变的脉络,具有比较好的语言研究价值。《绿野仙踪》中含有大量的疑问句,并且种类十分丰富。本文将本书的疑问句作为研究对象,在定性定量统计性研究的基础上,采用穷尽式研究的方法对其中的3000多个疑问句用例进行相关分析,勾勒出了《绿野仙踪》中的疑问句系统,并从中找寻出《绿野仙踪》疑问句系统的突出特点:在疑问代词的使用上,“何”系、“怎”系、“那”系、“甚(什)么”系、“多”系、“谁”系等特指式疑问代词,可同时用于询问句和反诘问句。其中,“何”系和怎”系疑问代词出现频率最高。在疑问副词的使用上,《绿野仙踪》具有文言色彩的疑问副词“岂”在清中叶略显消退迹象。《绿野仙踪》疑问句句末语气词在使用上也呈现出鲜明的特征:语气词“么”是《绿野仙踪》中出现频率最高的疑问句句末语气词;具有古文言色彩的句末疑问语气词“耶”、“乎”、“矣”、“罢”,用例已经较少,呈现出衰退迹象;为体现人物的身份及地位,也使用一些具有地域色彩的方言疑问语气词“来”、“哩”。总的说来,《绿野仙踪》的疑问句系统已经和现代汉语比较接近,一些句式和相关的问标都被现代汉语所承继,例如,“何”系、“甚(什)”系、那”系、“怎”系、“谁”系、“几”系、“多”这些疑问代词被现代汉语大量继承。但是有些句式和问标则带有上古汉语和中古汉语的遗迹,疑问代词“安”、“焉”、“孰”、“宁”,疑问副词“岂”、“尚”,疑问语气词“耶”、“乎”、“矣”、“罢”,正反询问句“VP否”的使用等。所有这些,都体现出清中叶疑问句系统鲜明的承继性和过渡性。
[Abstract]:The Wizard of Oz was written in the middle of Qing Dynasty (27 years of Qianlong Qing Dynasty) and written by Li Baichuan. Zheng Zhenduo, a famous literary historian in modern times, juxtaposed it with "A Dream of Red Mansions" and "the History of Confucianism" as a theory of three sizes in the middle of the Qing Dynasty. The Wizard of Oz, as a love novel of the mid-Qing Dynasty, all came from the language of life. There are more spoken dialogue materials, especially the distinctive features of the interrogative sentences, which can reveal the evolution of the system of interrogative sentences from the middle part of Qing Dynasty to modern Chinese. The Wizard of Oz contains a large number of interrogative sentences and is rich in variety. On the basis of qualitative and quantitative statistical research, this paper takes the interrogative sentences in this book as the research object, and uses the method of exhaustive research to analyze the correlation of more than 3000 interrogative sentence cases among them. This paper outlines the interrogative sentence system in the Wizard of Oz, and finds out the prominent features of the interrogative sentence system in the Wizard of Oz: in the use of interrogative pronouns, the system of "what", "how", "that", "very (what) Mo", A specific interrogative pronoun, such as "more" or "who", can be used in both interrogative sentences and rhetorical questions. Among them, "he" and "how" are the most frequent interrogative pronouns. In the use of interrogative adverbs, the question adverb "do", which has classical Chinese color, showed a slight sign of fading in the middle of Qing Dynasty. The motif at the end of the question sentence also showed distinct characteristics: the motif. "Mo" is the most frequent motif at the end of sentence in Wizard of Oz. The interrogative mood words "Yes", "Huo", "Yi" and "Ba" at the end of sentences with the color of ancient Chinese, have fewer use cases and show signs of decline; in order to reflect the identity and status of the characters, Some regional dialects are also used, such as "come" and "li". Generally speaking, the interrogative sentence system of the Wizard of Oz is quite similar to that of modern Chinese, and some sentence patterns and related interrogations have been inherited by modern Chinese, for example, "he" system, "very (what)" system, that "department", "how" department, The interrogative pronouns of "who", "Ji" and "many" are inherited by modern Chinese. However, some sentence patterns and quizzes carry the vestiges of the ancient and middle Chinese languages, the interrogative pronouns "an", "Yan", "who", "better", the interrogative adverbs "do", "Shang", the interrogative mood words "Yeh", "Huo", "Yi", The use of "VP No" and so on. All of these reflect the clear inheritance and transition of the middle-stage interrogative sentences in the Qing Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H146.3

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