基于语料库的单一动词句法框架研究及二语习得考察

发布时间：2018-11-15 09:56

【摘要】：词汇句法知识在语言中非常重要,而动词作为核心词汇,其句法知识一直是研究的重点。动词句法知识的研究最初是从结构语言学发展出来的语法结构研究开始的,而后又发展出框架语义学、构式语法等句法知识体系。但对于语言中的动词本身,句法知识常常是因动词的不同而变化的,并不是一个简单的语法体系就能概括全面的。虽然前人也从动词句式特点、句式类型、句式语义表达特点等多方面进行了研究,但研究的核心多集中在句式类型本身或语义与句法关系上,大多是以描述性研究为主。在习得方面,也主要关注的是句型句类的习得顺序和偏误方面的问题。本研究基于语料库进行统计分析,提出动词核心句法框架体系,以动词为核心,结合句法的语义、结构对动词句法框架体系进行描述,建立以动词为核心的完整句法框架知识并提供母语者使用动词句法框架的各方面信息。在此基础上,观察动词句法框架使用的丰富程度和集中程度,对近义动词或不同类动词进行分析。同时,利用中介语语料库对学习者使用动词句法框架的情况统计分析,并与母语者进行对比,从而观察学习者习得情况。本研究基于“现代汉语义项语料库”及“留学生中介语语料库”,对不同词频和种类的40个动词进行本体方面研究,并从中抽取16个动词进行了习得方面的考察。主要结论包括:1)动词的句法框架分布差异性非常大。主要的差异体现在句法框架的丰富度、集中度、优势句法框架、句法成分等方面。2)近义动词的句法框架和句法成分有差异,这样的差异可以帮助进行近义动词的区别。3)不同类别的动词在句法框架上有差异,这样的差异可以帮助进行不同类别动词之间的区分和描述。4)学习者与母语者使用动词句法框架分布的相似度作为习得的一种反映形式,与集中度呈正相关。即集中度越高的动词,学习者使用的情况越接近母语者。5)动词句法框架的习得情况并不是随着学时逐渐增长的,而是在初级到中级阶段出现最低点,呈现一定的倒“U型”习得情况。并且,在中高级阶段呈现上升或平稳趋势。基于上述结论,我们初步建立了动词句法框架知识体系,并从各个角度对动词句法框架的使用情况进行了统计分析并得出结论。这便可以为建造动词句法知识数据库提供初步指导,并对对外汉语教学中句法知识的数据提供支持,指导教材写作。同时,习得方面的结论也指导我们在适当时期应有意识地对学生进行句法框架方面的指导,以统计数据为指导,为对外汉语教学效率的提高做出一定的贡献。
[Abstract]:Lexical and syntactic knowledge is very important in language, and verb as the core vocabulary, its syntactic knowledge has been the focus of study. The study of verb syntactic knowledge begins with the study of grammatical structure developed by structural linguistics, and then develops frame semantics, construction grammar and other syntactic knowledge systems. However, for the verbs themselves, the syntactic knowledge varies from verb to verb, and it is not a simple grammatical system that can be generalized. Although previous researches have been carried out from many aspects, such as the characteristics of verb pattern, sentence type and semantic expression, the core of the study is mainly on the sentence type itself or the relationship between semantics and syntax, and most of them are descriptive studies. In the aspect of acquisition, attention is also paid to the acquisition order and errors of sentence types. Based on the statistical analysis of the corpus, this study proposes the verb core syntactic frame system, which is based on the verb and the syntactic semantics, and describes the verb syntactic frame system. To establish a complete knowledge of the syntactic framework with verb as the core and to provide all aspects of information about the use of the syntactic framework of the verb by native speakers. On this basis, the richness and concentration of the syntactic frame of verbs are observed, and the syntactic verbs or different kinds of verbs are analyzed. At the same time, we use the interlanguage corpus to analyze the learners' use of verb syntactic frames, and compare them with native speakers to observe the learners' acquisition. Based on the Modern Chinese semantic Corpus and the Interlanguage Corpus of International students, this study studies 40 verbs of different frequency and type in ontology, from which 16 verbs are selected for acquisition. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) the distribution of syntactic frames of verbs is very different. The main differences are in the richness of syntactic frame, concentration degree, dominant syntactic frame, syntactic component and so on. 2) the syntactic frame and syntactic composition of syntactic verbs are different. Such differences can help to make the difference between synonymous verbs. 3) different types of verbs differ in syntactic frames. Such differences can help to distinguish and describe different types of verbs. 4) Learners and native speakers use the similarity of the distribution of verb syntactic frames as a reflection of acquisition, which is positively correlated with concentration. That is, the higher the concentration of verbs, the closer the learners use to the native speakers. 5) the acquisition of the syntactic framework of verbs does not increase gradually with the learning time, but at the lowest point from the primary to the intermediate stage. There is a certain acquisition of inverted U-type. Moreover, in the middle and high stage, the trend is upward or steady. Based on the above conclusions, we establish the knowledge system of verb syntactic frame, and analyze the usage of verb syntactic frame from various angles and draw a conclusion. This can provide preliminary guidance for the construction of verb syntactic knowledge database and support the data of syntactic knowledge in teaching Chinese as a foreign language and guide the writing of textbooks. At the same time, the conclusion of acquisition also instructs us to consciously guide the students in syntactic framework in an appropriate period, and take statistical data as the guide to contribute to the improvement of the efficiency of teaching Chinese as a foreign language (TCFL).
【学位授予单位】：北京语言大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H195.3

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