两套对外汉字教材的对比分析

发布时间：2018-12-14 14:38

【摘要】：汉字教学在对外汉语教学中长期以来都是薄弱环节,汉字难学、难教已成共识。这一方面是由于汉字作为表意文字,形音义兼于一体的特殊性,导致汉字难认、难读、难记、难写；另一方面是由于如今的对外汉字教学模式存在较大问题。一直以来,综合课或精读课是对外汉字教学的核心,辅以听力课和口语课,这种教学模式重点在于对学生听说能力的培养,忽视了学生对汉字的掌握及读写能力的提升,甚至把汉字教学等同于词汇教学。根据教学效果的反馈及研究者不断深入反思教学问题,渐渐有学者意识到了汉字教学的附庸地位不利于汉语教学的进行,从而提出“语文”分开的独立汉字教学模式,并因此编写了一批独立的汉字教材。与以往随文识字类的汉字教材相比,这类教材从汉字的规律、特点出发来编排,有助于学生对汉字的整体认知和学习。因此,本文在学习借鉴前人成果的基础上,对两套有代表性的汉字教材《汉字速成课本》和《体验汉字》进行对比分析,对比内容包括编写理念、编写体例、选字和字序、笔画、笔顺、汉字结构、部件、“六书”知识、形声字及练习等,并总结了两套教材的优势和不足。最后再结合最新的科研成果,对对外汉字教材的整体规划、教材汉字的选取及字序安排、汉字知识及练习等方面提出具体的意见,并提出了汉字教材的编写应该遵循“认写分流、多认少写”的原则,以期对对外汉字教材的编写起到一些积极作用。
[Abstract]:Chinese character teaching has long been a weak link in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. This is due to the particularity of Chinese characters as ideographic characters, form, sound and meaning, which leads to the difficulty of recognizing, reading, memorizing and writing Chinese characters; on the other hand, it is due to the great problems existing in the teaching mode of Chinese characters in foreign countries. For a long time, comprehensive or intensive reading is the core of the teaching of Chinese characters in foreign countries, supplemented by listening and speaking classes. This teaching mode focuses on the cultivation of students' listening and speaking ability, neglecting the students' mastery of Chinese characters and the improvement of their reading and writing abilities. It even equates Chinese character teaching with vocabulary teaching. According to the feedback of the teaching effect and the researchers' continuous reflection on the teaching problems, some scholars gradually realize that the subordinate status of Chinese character teaching is not conducive to the teaching of Chinese, and thus put forward the independent Chinese character teaching mode which is separated by "Chinese". Therefore, a batch of independent Chinese characters teaching materials have been compiled. Compared with the Chinese characters teaching materials in the past, these textbooks are arranged according to the law and characteristics of Chinese characters, which is helpful to the students' overall cognition and study of Chinese characters. Therefore, on the basis of studying and drawing lessons from predecessors, this paper makes a comparative analysis of two representative textbooks of Chinese characters, "Chinese character accelerated textbook" and "experience Chinese character". The comparative contents include writing idea, writing style, selecting characters and word order. This paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the two sets of textbooks, such as stroke, Chinese character structure, components, knowledge of "six books", phonetic characters and exercises. Finally, combined with the latest scientific research results, the author puts forward some concrete suggestions on the overall planning of foreign Chinese character teaching materials, the selection and arrangement of Chinese characters in textbooks, the knowledge and practice of Chinese characters, and so on. The author also points out that the compilation of Chinese character textbooks should follow the principle of "recognizing and writing separately, recognizing more and writing less", in order to play a positive role in the compilation of foreign Chinese teaching materials.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H195.4

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